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Biogeochemical nature of grassland soil organic matter under plant communities with two nitrogen sources

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Abstract

Background and aims

Legumes are used in forage agriculture to replace mineral N fertilizer by biological N fixation. We hypothesised that N addition through biological N fixation may have different effects on soil organic matter (SOM)112 quantity and composition compared to mineral N fertilization. In this study we introduced lucerne into grasslands and aimed to examine the resulting effects on C stocks and the molecular C signatures of roots and soil.

Methods

Lucerne, cocksfoot and tall fescue were grown for five years as monocultures or mixtures. Grass monocultures were N-fertilised (SNF), while lucerne monoculture and mixtures received N through biological N2 fixation (BNF). For root and soil samples from 30 cm depth, we analysed quantity and composition of (1) non-cellulosic neutral carbohydrates after acid hydrolysis and (2) lignin after CuO oxidation.

Results

Our data showed species-specific chemical signatures for roots extracted from soil. Lucerne presence increased the N content of roots and lowered their lignin/N ratio. Contrasting root input over four growing seasons did not impact SOM stocks, as they were similar in all treatments. We observed different chemical signatures for soil under mixtures as compared to lucerne monoculture. In particular, the state of SOM degradation was enhanced under mixtures.

Conclusion

A greater input of higher quality litter to soils receiving BNF did not increase SOM storage. When lucerne was grown in mixture with grass, we observed lignin and carbohydrate signatures that indicated a more advanced state of degradation as compared to monocultures. Therefore, we suggest that the introduction of lucerne into grassland influences OM degradation more than its stabilization. After four growing seasons, SOM molecular signatures were not significantly influenced by type of N fertilization and showed little difference among the treatments despite species specific root composition.

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Abbreviations

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SNF:

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer

BNF:

Biological nitrogen fixation

M:

Lucerne (Medico sativa)

D:

Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata)

F:

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

FM:

Fescue lucerne mixture

DM:

Cocksfoot lucerne mixture

PCA:

Principal Component Analyses

(Ac/Al)V :

Vanillyl acid/vanillyl aldehyde ratio

(Ac/Al)S :

Syringyl acid/syringyl aldehyde ratio

Co/V:

Coumaryl/vanillyl ratio

S/V:

Syringyl/vanillyl ratio

C6/C5:

(galactose + mannose)/(arabinose + xylose) ratio

desoxyC6/C5:

(rhamnose + fucose)/(arabinose + xylose) ratio

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Acknowledgements

The lead author, Alexandra Crème, is grateful to the European community, who funded a PhD grant under the Seventh Framework programme (FP2012-2015), grant agreement no. 262060 (ExpeER), together with the Regional Council for Poitou-Charentes. Moreover, we acknowledge funding from CNRS-INSU and ADEME within the framework of the AEGES project. We thank the National Research Infrastructure “Agro- écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimique et Biodiversité” (SOERE-ACBB http://www.soere-acbb.com/fr/) for providing support during the sampling campaign. Finally, Valérie Pouteau, Daniel Billiou and Jean-Pierre Terrasson are acknowledged for their excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UR P3F, 86600, Lusignan, France

    Alexandra Creme & Abad Chabbi

  2. INRA, ECOSYS UMR (INRA-Agroparistech), 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Alexandra Creme & Abad Chabbi

  3. CNRS, UPMC, IEES UMR (UPMC, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, INRA), 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Alexandra Creme & Cornelia Rumpel

  4. INRA, UE FERLUS, 86600, Lusignan, France

    François Gastal

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  1. Alexandra Creme
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  2. Abad Chabbi
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  4. Cornelia Rumpel
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Correspondence to Abad Chabbi.

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Creme, A., Chabbi, A., Gastal, F. et al. Biogeochemical nature of grassland soil organic matter under plant communities with two nitrogen sources. Plant Soil 415, 189–201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3158-9

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