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GSM2, a transaldolase, contributes to reactive oxygen species homeostasis in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Plants are exposed to various environmental cues that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. ROS production and detoxification are tightly regulated to maintain balance. Although studies of glucose (Glc) are always accompanied by ROS in animals, the role of Glc in respect of ROS in plants is unclear. We isolated gsm2 (Glc-hypersensitive mutant 2), a mutant with a notably chlorotic-cotyledon phenotype. The chloroplast-localized GSM2 was characterized as a transaldolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. With 3% Glc treatment, fewer or no thylakoids were observed in gsm2 cotyledon chloroplasts than in wild-type cotyledon chloroplasts, suggesting that GSM2 is required for chloroplast protection under stress. gsm2 also showed evaluated accumulation of ROS with 3% Glc treatment and was more sensitive to exogenous H2O2 than the wild type. Gene expression analysis of the antioxidant enzymes in gsm2 revealed that chloroplast damage to gsm2 cotyledons results from the accumulation of excessive ROS in response to Glc. Moreover, the addition of diphenyleneiodonium chloride or phenylalanine can rescue Glc-induced chlorosis in gsm2 cotyledons. This work suggests that GSM2 functions to maintain ROS balance in response to Glc during early seedling growth and sheds light on the relationship between Glc, the pentose phosphate pathway and ROS.

Key message

The chloroplast-localized GSM2 is a transaldolase in the pentose phosphate pathway, which functions in the regulation of glucose-induced ROS to protect chloroplasts from oxidative damage during Arabidopsis early seedling growth.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600987) and the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institution of Higher Education in Chongqing (CXTDX201601009).

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  1. Min Zheng and Chunyan Zhu have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Min Zheng, Chunyan Zhu, Tingting Yang, Jie Qian & Yi-Feng Hsu

  2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Min Zheng, Chunyan Zhu, Tingting Yang, Jie Qian & Yi-Feng Hsu

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  1. Min Zheng
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Contributions

Y-FH and MZ designed the research. MZ, CZ, TY and JQ performed the experiments. MZ, CZ and Y-FH analyzed the data. MZ and Y-FH wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript. MZ and CZ contributed equally to this work.

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Correspondence to Yi-Feng Hsu.

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Zheng, M., Zhu, C., Yang, T. et al. GSM2, a transaldolase, contributes to reactive oxygen species homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 104, 39–53 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-020-01022-x

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