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The catalytic subunit of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase forms a chloroplast complex to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice

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YGL8 has the dual functions in Chl biosynthesis: one as a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase, the other as a core component of FLU-YGL8-LCAA-POR complex in Chl biosynthesis.

Abstract

Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) cyclase is an essential enzyme involved in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. However, its roles in regulating Chl biosynthesis are not fully explored. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant yellow-green leaf 8 (ygl8) that exhibited chlorosis phenotype with abnormal chloroplast development in young leaves. As the development of leaves, the chlorotic plants turned green accompanied by restorations in Chl content and chloroplast ultrastructure. Map-based cloning revealed that the ygl8 gene encodes a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase. The ygl8 mutation caused a conserved amino acid substitution (Asn182Ser), which was related to the alterations of Chl precursor content. YGL8 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, with more abundance in young leaves and panicles. Furthermore, we showed that expression levels of some nuclear genes associated with Chl biosynthesis were affected in both the ygl8 mutant and YGL8 RNA interference lines. By transient expression in rice protoplasts, we found that N-terminal 40 amino acid residues were enough to localize the YGL8 protein to chloroplast. In vivo experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between YGL8 and a rice chloroplast protein, low chlorophyll accumulation A (OsLCAA). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that YGL8 also interacted with the other two rice chloroplast proteins, viz. fluorescent (OsFLU1) and NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (OsPORB). These results provide new insights into the roles of YGL8, not only as a subunit with catalytic activity, but as a core component of FLU–YGL8–LCAA–POR complex required for Chl biosynthesis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the grants from the National Transform Science and Technology Program (2013ZX08001004-002), the Chinese National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Program, Nos. 2014AA10A604), the ministry of agriculture key laboratory of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river japonica rice biology and genetic breeding.

Author contributions

W.Y.K. and Z.G.Z. were involved in conceiving the project, designing the experiments and analyzing the data; H.Y.C., Y.J.X. and Y.L. were involving in the map-based cloning of the YGL8 gene; X.W.Y., C.L.W. and Y.Y. were involved in the generation of the transgenic plants; Y.L.W. was involved in YGL8 transient expression in rice protoplasts; W.Y.K. was involved in writing this article; L.L.L. and C.M.W. were involved in revising this article; L.J., H.Q.Z. and J.M.W. were involved in data discussions.

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    1. National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

      Weiyi Kong, Xiaowen Yu, Haiyuan Chen, Linglong Liu, Yanjia Xiao, Yunlong Wang, Chaolong Wang, Yun Lin, Yang Yu, Chunming Wang, Ling Jiang, Zhigang Zhao & Jianmin Wan

    2. National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

      Huqu Zhai & Jianmin Wan

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    1. Weiyi Kong
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    Correspondence to Jianmin Wan.

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    Weiyi Kong and Xiaowen Yu have contributed equally to this work.

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    11103_2016_513_MOESM1_ESM.doc

    Supplementary Fig. S1 Phenotypes of the wild-type (WT) and ygl8 mutant plants under different temperature conditions. a Phenotypes of the 2-week old WT and ygl8 mutant seedlings at 12 h light/12 h dark conditions of C20, L30/D20 and C30. Bars: 2 cm. b The Chl content of the 2-week-old WT and ygl8 mutant seedlings. Error bars, ± SD (n = 5).

    Supplementary Fig. S2 Transmission electron micrographs of chloroplasts in the upper three leaves from the wild-type (WT) and ygl8 mutant plants. a Chloroplast ultrastructure of the WT plants. g Chloroplast ultrastructure of the ygl8 mutant. d-f and j-l are magnifications of a-c and g-i, respectively. All leaf blades were from the 8-week-old plants. L1, flag leaf; L2, top second leaf; L3, top third leaf. Thy, thylakoid lamellar; SG, starch granule; PG, plastoglobule. Bars: 1 μm (a-c, g-i); 0.5 μm (d-f, j-l). (DOC 9814 KB)

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    Kong, W., Yu, X., Chen, H. et al. The catalytic subunit of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase forms a chloroplast complex to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice. Plant Mol Biol 92, 177–191 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0513-4

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