Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functional characterisation of OsCPK21, a calcium-dependent protein kinase that confers salt tolerance in rice

  • Published:
Plant Molecular Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Calcium acts as a messenger in various signal transduction pathways in plants. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles in regulating downstream components in calcium signaling pathways. In rice, the CDPKs constitute a large multigene family consisting of 29 genes, but the biological functions and functional divergence or redundancy of most of these genes remain unclear. Using a mini-scale full-length cDNA overexpressor (FOX) gene hunting system, we generated 250 independent transgenic rice plants overexpressing individual rice CDPKs (CDPK FOX-rice lines). These CDPK FOX-rice lines were screened for salt stress tolerance. The survival rate of the OsCPK21-FOX plants was higher than that of wild-type (WT) plants grown under high salinity conditions. The inhibition of seedling growth by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was greater in the OsCPK21-FOX plants than in WT plants. Several ABA- and high salinity-inducible genes were more highly expressed in the OsCPK21-FOX plants than in WT plants. These results suggest that OsCPK21 is involved in the positive regulation of the signaling pathways that are involved in the response to ABA and salt stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

Fl-cDNA:

Full-length cDNA

FOX:

Full-length cDNA overexpressor

RT–PCR:

Reverse transcription-PCR

UTR:

Untranslated region

WT:

Wild-type

References

  • Abe H, Urao T, Ito T, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2003) Arabidopsis AtMYC2 (bHLH) and AtMYB2 (MYB) function as transcriptional activators in abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 15:63–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asano T, Kunieda N, Omura Y, Ibe H, Kawasaki T, Takano M, Sato M, Furuhashi H, Mujin T, Takaiwa F, Wu CY, Tada Y, Satozawa T, Sakamoto M, Shimada H (2002) Rice SPK, a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase, is required for storage product accumulation during seed development: phosphorylation of sucrose synthase is a possible factor. Plant Cell 14:619–628

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asano T, Tanaka N, Yang G, Hayashi N, Komatsu S (2005) Genome-wide identification of the rice calcium-dependent protein kinase and its closely related kinase gene families: comprehensive analysis of the CDPKs gene family in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 46:356–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD (2000) The versatility and universality of calcium signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1:11–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botella JR, Arteca JM, Somodevilla M, Arteca RN (1996) Calcium-dependent protein kinase gene expression in response to physical and chemical stimuli in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Plant Mol Biol 30:1129–1137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chehab EW, Patharkar OR, Hegeman AD, Taybi T, Cushman JC (2004) Autophosphorylation and subcellular localization dynamics of a salt- and water deficit-induced calcium-dependent protein kinase from ice plant. Plant Physiol 135:1430–1446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng SH, Willmann MR, Chen HC, Sheen J (2002) Calcium signaling through protein kinases. The Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family. Plant Physiol 129:469–485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chico JM, Raices M, Tellez-Inon MT, Ulloa RM (2002) A calcium-dependent protein kinase is systemically induced upon wounding in tomato plants. Plant Physiol 128:256–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi H, Hong J, Ha J, Kang J, Kim SY (2000) ABFs, a family of ABA-responsive element binding factors. J Biol Chem 275:1723–1730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler SR, Rodriguez PL, Finkelstein RR, Abrams SR (2010) Abscisic acid: emergence of a core signaling network. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:651–679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubouzet JG, Sakuma Y, Ito Y, Kasuga M, Dubouzet EG, Miura S, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2003) OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold-responsive gene expression. Plant J 33:751–763

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein RR, Gampala SSL, Rock CD (2002) Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings. Plant Cell 14:S15–S45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Mizukado S, Fujita Y, Ichikawa T, Nakazawa M, Seki M, Matsui M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2007) Identification of stress-tolerance-related transcription-factor genes via mini-scale full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364:250–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda A, Nakamura A, Tagiri A, Tanaka H, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Tanaka Y (2004) Function, intracellular localization and the importance in salt tolerance of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter from rice. Plant Cell Physiol 45:146–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon AC, Gribskov M, Harper JF (2000) CDPKs - a kinase for every Ca2+ signal? Trends Plant Sci 5:154–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper JF, Harmon A (2005) Plants, symbiosis and parasites: a calcium signalling connection. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:555–566

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper JF, Sussman MR, Schaller GE, Putnam-Evans C, Charbonneau H, Harmon AC (1991) A calcium-dependent protein kinase with a regulatory domain similar to calmodulin. Science 252:951–954

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper JF, Breton G, Harmon A (2004) Decoding Ca2+ signals through plant protein kinases. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:263–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higo K, Ugawa Y, Iwamoto M, Korenaga T (1999) Plant cis-acting regulatory DNA elements (PLACE) database: 1999. Nucleic Acids Res 27:297–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hood EE, Gelvin SB, Melchers LS, Hoekema A (1993) New Agrobacterium helper plasmids for gene transfer to plants. Transgenic Res 2:208–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hrabak EM, Chan CWM, Gribskov M, Harper JF, Choi JH, Halford N, Kudla J, Luan S, Nimmo HG, Sussman MR, Thomas M, Walker-Simmons K, Zhu JK, Harmon AC (2003) The Arabidopsis CDPK-SnRK superfamily of protein kinases. Plant Physiol 132:666–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsing YI, Chern CG, Fan MJ, Lu PC, Chen KT, Lo SF, Sun PK, Ho SL, Lee KW, Wang YC, Huang WL, Ko SS, Chen S, Chen JL, Chung CI, Lin YC, Hour AL, Wang YW, Chang YC, Tsai MW, Lin YS, Chen YC, Yen HM, Li CP, Wey CK, Tseng CS, Lai MH, Huang SC, Chen LJ, Yu SM (2007) A rice gene activation/knockout mutant resource for high throughput functional genomics. Plant Mol Biol 63:351–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa T, Nakazawa M, Kawashima M, Iizumi H, Kuroda H, Kondou Y, Tsuhara Y, Suzuki K, Ishikawa A, Seki M, Fujita M, Motohashi R, Nagata N, Takagi T, Shinozaki K, Matsui M (2006) The FOX hunting system: an alternative gain-of-function gene hunting technique. Plant J 48:974–985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Igarashi Y, Yoshiba Y, Sanada Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Wada K, Shinozaki K (1997) Characterization of the gene for Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and correlation between the expression of the gene and salt tolerance in Oryza sativa L. Plant Mol Biol 33:857–865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong DH, An S, Kang HG, Moon S, Han JJ, Park S, Lee HS, An K, An G (2002) T-DNA insertional mutagenesis for activation tagging in rice. Plant Physiol 130:1636–1644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong DH, An S, Park S, Kang HG, Park GG, Kim SR, Sim J, Kim YO, Kim MK, Kim SR, Kim J, Shin M, Jung M, An G (2006) Generation of a flanking sequence-tag database for activation-tagging lines in japonica rice. Plant J 45:123–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang JY, Choi HI, Im MY, Kim SY (2002) Arabidopsis basic leucine zipper proteins that mediate stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 14:343–357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasuga M, Liu Q, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (1999) Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor. Nat Biotechnol 17:287–291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki S, Borchert C, Deyholos M, Wang H, Brazille S, Kawai K, Galbraith D, Bohnert HJ (2001) Gene expression profiles during the initial phase of salt stress in rice. Plant Cell 13:889–905

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim S, Kang JY, Cho DI, Park JH, Kim SY (2004) ABF2, an ABRE-binding bZIP factor, is an essential component of glucose signaling and its overexpression affects multiple stress tolerance. Plant J 40:75–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishor PBK, Hong Z, Miao GH, Hu CAA, Verma DPS (1995) Overexpression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiol 108:1387–1394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondou Y, Higuchi M, Takahashi S, Sakurai T, Ichikawa T, Kuroda H, Yoshizumi T, Tsumoto Y, Horii Y, Kawashima M, Hasegawa Y, Kuriyama T, Matsui K, Kusano M, Albinsky D, Takahashi H, Nakamura Y, Suzuki M, Sakakibara H, Kojima M, Akiyama K, Kurotani A, Seki M, Fujita M, Enju A, Yokotani N, Saitou T, Ashidate K, Fujimoto N, Ishikawa Y, Mori Y, Nanba R, Takata K, Uno K, Sugano S, Natsuki J, Dubouzet JG, Maeda S, Ohtake M, Mori M, Oda K, Takatsuji H, Hirochika H, Matsui M (2009) Systematic approaches to using the FOX hunting system to identify useful rice genes. Plant J 57:883–894

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li AL, Zhu YF, Tan XM, Wang X, Wei B, Guo HZ, Zhang ZL, Chen XB, Zhao GY, Kong XY, Jia JZ, Mao L (2008) Evolutionary and functional study of the CDPK gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Mol Biol 66:429–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Kasuga M, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (1998) Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two cellular signal transduction pathways in drought- and low-temperature-responsive gene expression, respectively, in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 10:1391–1406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig AA, Romeis T, Jones JDG (2004) CDPK-mediated signalling pathways: specificity and cross-talk. J Exp Bot 55:181–188

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Atienza J, Jiang X, Garciadeblas B, Mendoza I, Zhu JK, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ (2007) Conservation of the salt overly sensitive pathway in rice. Plant Physiol 143:1001–1012

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mochida K, Shinozaki K (2010) Genomics and bioinformatics resources for crop improvement. Plant Cell Physiol 51:497–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moons A, De Keyser A, Van Montagu M (1997) A group 3 LEA cDNA of rice, responsive to abscisic acid, but not to jasmonic acid, shows variety-specific differences in salt stress response. Gene 191:197–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori IC, Murata Y, Yang Y, Munemasa S, Wang YF, Andreoli S, Tiriac H, Alonso JM, Harper JF, Ecker JR, Kwak JM, Schroeder JI (2006) CDPKs CPK6 and CPK3 function in ABA regulation of guard cell S-type anion- and Ca2+-permeable channels and stomatal closure. PLoS Biol 4:1749–1762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori M, Tomita C, Sugimoto K, Hasegawa M, Hayashi N, Dubouzet JG, Ochiai H, Sekimoto H, Hirochika H, Kikuchi S (2007) Isolation and molecular characterization of a Spotted leaf 18 mutant by modified activation-tagging in rice. Plant Mol Biol 63:847–860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundy J, Chua NH (1988) Abscisic acid and water-stress induce the expression of a novel rice gene. EMBO J 7:2279–2286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murillo I, Jaeck E, Cordero MJ, San Segundo B (2001) Transcriptional activation of a maize calcium-dependent protein kinase gene in response to fungal elicitors and infection. Plant Mol Biol 45:145–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers C, Romanowsky SM, Barron YD, Garg S, Azuse CL, Curran A, Davis RM, Hatton J, Harmon AC, Harper JF (2009) Calcium-dependent protein kinases regulate polarized tip growth in pollen tubes. Plant J 59:528–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura H, Hakata M, Amano K, Miyao A, Toki N, Kajikawa M, Pang J, Higashi N, Ando S, Toki S, Fujita M, Enju A, Seki M, Nakazawa M, Ichikawa T, Shinozaki K, Matsui M, Nagamura Y, Hirochika H, Ichikawa H (2007) A genome-wide gain-of function analysis of rice genes using the FOX-hunting system. Plant Mol Biol 65:357–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima K, Tran LSP, Van Nguyen D, Fujita M, Maruyama K, Todaka D, Ito Y, Hayashi N, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2007) Functional analysis of a NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC6 involved in abiotic and biotic stress-responsive gene expression in rice. Plant J 51:617–630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa M, Ichikawa T, Ishikawa A, Kobayashi H, Tsuhara Y, Kawashima M, Suzuki K, Muto S, Matsui M (2003) Activation tagging, a novel tool to dissect the functions of a gene family. Plant J 34:741–750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohnishi T, Sugahara S, Yamada T, Kikuchi K, Yoshiba Y, Hirano HY, Tsutsumi N (2005) OsNAC6, a member of the NAC gene family, is induced by various stresses in rice. Genes Genet Syst 80:135–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyanagi H, Tanaka T, Sakai H, Shigemoto Y, Yamaguchi K, Habara T, Fujii Y, Antonio BA, Nagamura Y, Imanishi T, Ikeo K, Itoh T, Gojobori T, Sasaki T (2006) The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D741–D744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabbani MA, Maruyama K, Abe H, Khan MA, Katsura K, Ito Y, Yoshiwara K, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2003) Monitoring expression profiles of rice genes under cold, drought, and high-salinity stresses and abscisic acid application using cDNA microarray and RNA gel-blot analyses. Plant Physiol 133:1755–1767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavendra AS, Gonugunta VK, Christmann A, Grill E (2010) ABA perception and signalling. Trends Plant Sci 15:395–401

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romeis T, Ludwig AA, Martin R, Jones JDG (2001) Calcium-dependent protein kinases play an essential role in a plant defence response. EMBO J 20:5556–5567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saijo Y, Hata S, Kyozuka J, Shimamoto K, Izui K (2000) Over-expression of a single Ca2+-dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants. Plant J 23:319–327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders D, Brownlee C, Harper JF (1999) Communicating with calcium. Plant Cell 11:691–706

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders D, Pelloux J, Brownlee C, Harper JF (2002) Calcium at the crossroads of signaling. Plant Cell 14(Suppl):S401–S417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Seki M (2003) Regulatory network of gene expression in the drought and cold stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6:410–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szczegielniak J, Klimecka M, Liwosz A, Ciesielski A, Kaczanowski S, Dobrowolska G, Harmon AC, Muszynska G (2005) A wound-responsive and phospholipid-regulated maize calcium-dependent protein kinase. Plant Physiol 139:1970–1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toki S, Hara N, Ono K, Onodera H, Tagiri A, Oka S, Tanaka H (2006) Early infection of scutellum tissue with Agrobacterium allows high-speed transformation of rice. Plant J 47:969–976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trewavas AJ, Malho R (1998) Ca2+ signalling in plant cells: the big network!. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1:428–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umezawa T, Yoshida R, Maruyama K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2004) SRK2C, a SNF1-related protein kinase 2, improves drought tolerance by controlling stress-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:17306–17311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uno Y, Furihata T, Abe H, Yoshida R, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2000) Arabidopsis basic leucine zipper transcription factors involved in an abscisic acid-dependent signal transduction pathway under drought and high-salinity conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11632–11637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urao T, Katagiri T, Mizoguchi T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Hayashida N, Shinozaki K (1994) Two genes that encode Ca2+-dependent protein kinases are induced by drought and high-salt stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Gen Genet 244:331–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinocur B, Altman A (2005) Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: achievements and limitations. Curr Opin Biotechnol 16:123–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan B, Lin Y, Mou T (2007) Expression of rice Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) genes under different environmental stresses. FEBS Lett 581:1179–1189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward P, Equinet L, Packer J, Doerig C (2004) Protein kinases of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: the kinome of a divergent eukaryote. BMC Genomics 5:79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weigel D, Ahn JH, Blazquez MA, Borevitz JO, Christensen SK, Fankhauser C, Ferrandiz C, Kardailsky I, Malancharuvil EJ, Neff MM, Nguyen JT, Sato S, Wang ZY, Xia Y, Dixon RA, Harrison MJ, Lamb CJ, Yanofsky MF, Chory J (2000) Activation tagging in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 122:1003–1013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang Y, Tang N, Du H, Ye H, Xiong L (2008) Characterization of OsbZIP23 as a key player of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family for conferring abscisic acid sensitivity and salinity and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Physiol 148:1938–1952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong L, Yang Y (2003) Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase. Plant Cell 15:745–759

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong L, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK (2002) Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. Plant Cell 14(Suppl):S165–S183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2005) Organization of cis-acting regulatory elements in osmotic- and cold-stress-responsive promoters. Trends Plant Sci 10:88–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye S, Wang L, Xie W, Wan B, Li X, Lin Y (2009) Expression profile of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPKs) genes during the whole lifespan and under phytohormone treatment conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Plant Mol Biol 70:311–325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon GM, Cho HS, Ha HJ, Liu JR, Lee HSP (1999) Characterization of NtCDPK1, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene in Nicotiana tabacum, and the activity of its encoded protein. Plant Mol Biol 39:991–1001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon GM, Dowd PE, Gilroy S, McCubbin AG (2006) Calcium-dependent protein kinase isoforms in Petunia have distinct functions in pollen tube growth, including regulating polarity. Plant Cell 18:867–878

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Forno DA, Cock JH, Gomez KA (1976) Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. The International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, pp 61–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu XC, Li MJ, Gao GF, Feng HZ, Geng XQ, Peng CC, Zhu SY, Wang XJ, Shen YY, Zhang DP (2006) Abscisic acid stimulates a calcium-dependent protein kinase in grape berry. Plant Physiol 140:558–579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu JK (2002) Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 53:247–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu SY, Yu XC, Wang XJ, Zhao R, Li Y, Fan RC, Shang Y, Du SY, Wang XF, Wu FQ, Xu YH, Zhang XY, Zhang DP (2007) Two calcium-dependent protein kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, regulate abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19:3019–3036

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid No. 17780013 for Young Scientists to T.A.), the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN to R.O.) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Green Technology Project EF-1004 to H.I.). We thank Shigeko Ando, Hiroko Abe, Machiko Nakazawa and Mariko Kajikawa for their technical assistance, Drs. Manabu Yoshikawa and Sakiko Takahashi for helpful discussions and Dr. Tetsuo Meshi for coordinating the use of experimental facilities. We are grateful to the Rice Genome Resource Center of NIAS in Tsukuba, Japan for providing the rice fl-cDNAs and to the DNA Bank of the NIAS for providing a rice EST clone.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Makoto Hakata

    Present address: National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193, Japan

  2. Hidemitsu Nakamura

    Present address: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

  3. Setsuko Komatsu

    Present address: National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Takayuki Asano, Naohiro Aoki & Ryu Ohsugi

  2. National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan

    Takayuki Asano, Makoto Hakata, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Setsuko Komatsu, Hiroaki Ichikawa & Hirohiko Hirochika

Authors
  1. Takayuki Asano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Makoto Hakata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hidemitsu Nakamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Naohiro Aoki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Setsuko Komatsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hiroaki Ichikawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hirohiko Hirochika
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ryu Ohsugi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Takayuki Asano or Ryu Ohsugi.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 34 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Asano, T., Hakata, M., Nakamura, H. et al. Functional characterisation of OsCPK21, a calcium-dependent protein kinase that confers salt tolerance in rice. Plant Mol Biol 75, 179–191 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9717-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9717-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation