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Salicylic acid differentially affects suspension cell cultures of Lotus japonicus and one of its non-symbiotic mutants

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Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) is known to play an important role in the interaction between plant and micro-organisms, both symbiotic and pathogen. In particular, high levels of SA block nodule formation and mycorrhizal colonization in plants. A mutant of Lotus japonicus, named Ljsym4-2, was characterized as unable to establish positive interactions with Rhizobium and fungi (NOD−, MYC−); in particular, it does not recognize signal molecules released by symbiotic micro-organisms so that eventually, epidermal cells undergo PCD at the contact area. We performed a detailed characterization of wild-type and Ljsym4-2 cultured cells by taking into account several parameters characterizing cell responses to SA, a molecule strongly involved in defense signaling pathways. In the presence of 0.5 mM SA, Ljsym4-2 suspension-cultured cells reduce their growth and eventually die, whereas in order to induce the same effects in wt suspension cells, SA concentration must be raised to 1.5 mM. An early and short production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in wt-treated cells. In contrast, a continuous production of NO and a double-peak ROS response, similar to that reported after a pathogenic attack, was observed in the mutant Ljsym4-2 cells. At the molecular level, a constitutive higher level of a SA-inducible pathogenesis related gene was observed. The analysis in planta revealed a strong induction of the LjPR1 gene in the Ljsym4-2 mutant inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. JP Metraux for providing us pROK-2 vector. Lotus japonicus seeds (wild type and Ljsym4-2) were kindly provided by Prof. P Bonfante. This research was supported by the “Ministero dell’Istruzione e della Ricerca, fondi PRIN” to F.L.S. and by a grant from the EEC (INTEGRAL: MRTN-CT-2003-505227).

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  1. Department of Biology, Padova University, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy

    Fiorenza Bastianelli, Alex Costa, Marco Vescovi, Michela Zottini & Fiorella Lo Schiavo

  2. Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, Via P. Castellino 12, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Enrica D’Apuzzo & Maurizio Chiurazzi

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  1. Fiorenza Bastianelli
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Correspondence to Alex Costa.

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This report is dedicated to the memory of Prof. M. Terzi.

Fiorenza Bastianelli and Alex Costa are contributed equally to this work.

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Bastianelli, F., Costa, A., Vescovi, M. et al. Salicylic acid differentially affects suspension cell cultures of Lotus japonicus and one of its non-symbiotic mutants. Plant Mol Biol 72, 469–483 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9585-8

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