Abstract
To begin biochemical and molecular studies on the biosynthesis of the type II arabinogalactan chains on arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), we adopted a bioinformatic approach to identify and systematically characterise the putative galactosyltransferases (GalTs) responsible for synthesizing the β-(1,3)-Gal linkage from CAZy GT-family-31 from Arabidopsis thaliana. These analyses confirmed that 20 members of the GT-31 family contained domains/motifs typical of biochemically characterised β-(1,3)-GTs from mammalian systems. Microarray data confirm that members of this family are expressed throughout all tissues making them likely candidates for the assembly of the ubiquitously found AGPs. One member, At1g77810, was selected for further analysis including location studies that confirmed its presence in the Golgi and preliminary enzyme substrate specificity studies that demonstrated β-(1,3)-GalT activity. This bioinformatic/molecular study of CAZy GT-family-31 was validated by the recent report of Strasser et al. (Plant Cell 19:2278–2292, 2007) that another member of this family (At1g26810; GALT1) encodes a β-(1,3)-GalT involved in the biosynthesis of the Lewis a epitope of N-glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Abbreviations
- AG:
-
Arabinogalactan
- AGP:
-
Arabinogalactan-protein
- Ara:
-
Arabinose
- Araf :
-
Arabinofuranose
- CRD:
-
Carbohydrate recognition domain
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Gal:
-
Galactose
- Galp :
-
Galactopyranose
- GalNAcT:
-
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
- GalT:
-
Galactosyltransferase
- GlcA:
-
Glucuronic acid
- GlcNAcT:
-
N-acetylglucosaminosyltransferase
- GPI:
-
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- GT:
-
Glycosyltransferases
- HRGP:
-
Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins
- Hyp:
-
Hydroxyproline
- TMD:
-
Transmembrane domain
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council (Discovery Projects DP0343454, DP0663374). Yongmei Qu acknowledges the support of a University of Melbourne International Research Scholarship and a University of Melbourne Research Scholarship. Jack Egelund was supported by The Carlsberg Foundation. We acknowledge the excellent administrative support of Ms Joanne Noble.
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Qu, Y., Egelund, J., Gilson, P.R. et al. Identification of a novel group of putative Arabidopsis thaliana β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferases. Plant Mol Biol 68, 43–59 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9351-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9351-3