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The genus Lindera: a source of structurally diverse molecules having pharmacological significance

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Abstract

Lindera plants not only have good ornamental and economic uses but also have great medicinal and therapeutic values. The genus Lindera consists of approximately 100 species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. This extensive geographical distribution allows Lindera plants to produce diverse secondary metabolites having novel structures. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Lindera plants produce 341 constituents, including sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, butanolides, lucidones, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, some Lindera plants show significant chemotaxonomic reference under family Lauraceae and tribe Litseae. Although Lindera plants have various pharmacological and biological properties, their anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties have been focused in many studies. Butanolides and lucidones have shown great potential in developing anticancer agents while aporphine alkaloids have shown great potential in developing antiarthritic and antinociceptive agents. However, these compounds need to be assessed further by performing in-depth and systematic research.

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Abbreviations

A549:

Human lung tumor cell line

AI:

Atherogenic index

Akt:

Protein kinase B

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

AR:

Aldose reductase

ARE:

Antioxidant response elements

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

B16 and B16-F10:

Mouse melanoma cell lines

BSO:

Buthionine sulfoximine

BV-2:

Immortalized murine microglial cell line

CCl4 :

Carbon tetrachloride

CC50 :

50 % Cytotoxic concentration

CIA:

Collagen II-induced arthritis

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

2:

5-DHBA, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

DPPH:

Di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium

DU145:

Human prostate cancer cell line

EC50 :

Concentration for 50 % of maximal effect

ED50 :

Median effective dose

ES2:

Human mammary cancer cell line

GI50 :

Concentration that inhibits cancer cell growth by 50 %

GLUT-4:

Glucose transporter type 4

GSK-3:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3

H460:

Human lung cancer cell line

H9c2:

Cardiomyocyte cell line

hACAT-1:

Human acyl-coenzyme Acholesterol acyltransferase-1

HCT15:

Human colon carcinoma cell line

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HE:

Hematoxylin-eosin

HeLa:

Human cervical carcinoma cell line

HepG2:

Hepatocyte carcinoma cell line

HERG :

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene

HL-60:

Human leukemia cell line

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

hPDL:

Human periodontal ligament

HT1080:

Human acetabulum fibrosarcoma cell line

HT22:

Hippocampal neuronal cell line

HT29:

Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line

HuH-7:

Human hepatoma cell line

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell

IC50 :

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

IgG anti-CII:

IgG antibodies to native human type II collagen

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

IZ:

Inhibition zone

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

K562:

Human erythroleukemia cell line

KATP channels:

ATP-sensitive potassium channels

KB16:

Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line

L1210:

Mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LDLG:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/low density lipoprotein in granule

LNCap:

Androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma cell

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCF-7:

Human breast cancer cell line

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDA-MB-231:

Breast tumor cell line

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MS-G2:

Human hepatoma cell line

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

Nrf-2:

Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2

P-388:

Mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line

PAF:

Platelet-activating factor

PC-3:

Human prostate cancer cell line

PEP:

Prolyl endopeptidase

PI3 kinase:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PMACI:

Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore

RAW264.7:

Mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line

SBC-3:

Human small cell lung cancer cell

SK-Hep1:

Human liver sinusoidal endothelial cell line

SK-MEL-2:

Human melanoma cell line

SK-OV-3:

Ovarian carcinoma cell line

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

3T3-L1:

Mouse fibroblast cell

t-BHP:

Tert-butyl hydroperoxide

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

U46619:

Thromboxane A2 agonist

XF-498:

Glioma cell line

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Acknowledgments

This paper was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473426, 81303309) and the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China. All authors that are cited in the paper are acknowledged for their valuable contributions.

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    1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China

      Yuan Cao, Bianfei Xuan, Chun Li, Xingyun Chai & Pengfei Tu

    2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, People’s Republic of China

      Yuan Cao & Bianfei Xuan

    3. Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China

      Bing Peng

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    Cao, Y., Xuan, B., Peng, B. et al. The genus Lindera: a source of structurally diverse molecules having pharmacological significance. Phytochem Rev 15, 869–906 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9432-2

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