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Multiple-approach studies to assess anthocyanin bioavailability

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Abstract

Anthocyanins that are commonly ingested from the diet are largely conjugated, metabolized by colon microbiota and excreted in the urine and feces, yielding in a rather low bioavailability. Nevertheless, there are several health-promoting properties attributed to the ingestion of dietary anthocyanins including cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects, and the prevention of some types of cancer. There are many doubts on which compounds are really involved and which are the molecular mechanisms underlying all those biological events. Some evidences have come forth supporting the idea that the dietary phenolics bioactive forms in vivo are not necessarily those which occur in nature, but rather conjugates or metabolites arising from them in the human body. So far, it has been quite difficult to clearly assess both native and metabolized forms in vivo and to distinguish their different biological roles. Also, although some anthocyanins bioavailability has been reported to be low, their tissue distribution and accumulation has to be considered. This may lead to an increase of their levels in some key targets. This feature would be likely to contribute to possible different biological properties of dietary anthocyanins depending on their biological target. The several approaches that have been undertaken to assess anthocyanin bioavailability have been reviewed herein.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) (POCI, FEDER, Programa Comunitário de Apoio) by two Post-Doc grant (SFRH/BPD/75294/2010 and SFRH/BPD/86173/2012) and two project grants (PTDC/AGR-TEC/2227/2012 and UID/QUI/50006/2013).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Iva Fernandes, Ana Faria, Victor de Freitas & Nuno Mateus

  2. Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Faria & Conceição Calhau

  3. Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Faria

  4. Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Conceição Calhau

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  1. Iva Fernandes
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  2. Ana Faria
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  5. Nuno Mateus
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Correspondence to Iva Fernandes.

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Fernandes, I., Faria, A., de Freitas, V. et al. Multiple-approach studies to assess anthocyanin bioavailability. Phytochem Rev 14, 899–919 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9415-3

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