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Essential oils from Asteraceae as potential biocontrol tools for tomato pests and diseases

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Abstract

Nowadays, new strategies for pest and disease control to be used in rotation with or replacement of conventional pesticides are required. Essential oils (EOs), as botanical pesticides, provide a potential resource to develop more environmentally friendly and less toxic means of control to be applied in different produces. Tomato crop is affected by many insects and fungal diseases, among which, the insects Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Tuta absoluta, and the fungi Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea are of great incidence. In this work two EOs from Uruguayan specimens of the local species Eupatorium buniifolium and the world-wide distributed Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) were characterized in their chemical composition and insecticidal and antifungal activities. We found that the EO from local A. absinthium is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and belongs to the thujone chemotype (β-Thujone abundance is 56 ± 2 %, and α-Thujone, 1.67 ± 0.07 %). On the other hand, monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-Pinene, 22 ± 2 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [(E)-β-Guaiene, 10 ± 1 %] are the most abundant components of E. buniifolium EO. Eventhough both EOs chemically differ, they exhibit insecticidal and antifungal activity not only by direct contact but also by contact with their vapors against the tested organisms. These results may indicate that these EOs could be raw material to develop control agents to manage some of the main pests and fungal diseases of tomato crops with only one kind of treatment.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC, Universidad de la República –UDELAR-; Grant from I + D 2009 Program) is acknowledged. Graduate scholar ships from the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII), CSIC and the Laboratorio Tecnológico de Uruguay (LATU)—School of Chemistry, UDELAR were granted to MLU. We also acknowledge the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA, Uruguay) for EO distillation (I.A. José Villamil); for help with the bioassay designs (I.A. Roberto Zoppolo); and isolation of Alternaria (I.A. Gustavo Giménez). The Cátedra de Microbiología, School of Chemistry, UDELAR (Dra. Silvana Vero) provided B. cinerea culture. Prof. Eduardo Alonso-Paz (Cátedra de Botánica, School of Chemistry, UDELAR) identified plant material. Lic. Estela Santos collected the original plant material. The Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones from the School of Chemistry, UDELAR, allowed to use their installations for microbiology work.

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  1. Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores 2124, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay

    María Laura Umpiérrez, María Eugenia Lagreca & Carmen Rossini

  2. Fitopatología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Raimundo Cabrera

  3. Cátedra de Entomología, Facultad de Agronomía, UdelaR, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Gabriela Grille

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  1. María Laura Umpiérrez
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Correspondence to Carmen Rossini.

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Umpiérrez, M.L., Lagreca, M.E., Cabrera, R. et al. Essential oils from Asteraceae as potential biocontrol tools for tomato pests and diseases. Phytochem Rev 11, 339–350 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-012-9253-5

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