Abstract
Purpose
To determine the effect of PepT1 on the absorption and disposition of cefadroxil, including the potential for saturable intestinal uptake, after escalating oral doses of drug.
Methods
The absorption and disposition kinetics of [3H]cefadroxil were determined in wild-type and PepT1 knockout mice after 44.5, 89.1, 178, and 356 nmol/g oral doses of drug. The pharmacokinetics of [3H]cefadroxil were also determined in both genotypes after 44.5 nmol/g intravenous bolus doses.
Results
PepT1 deletion reduced the area under the plasma concentration-time profile (AUC0-120) of cefadroxil by 10-fold, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) by 17.5-fold, and increased the time to reach a maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) by 3-fold. There was no evidence of nonlinear intestinal absorption since AUC0-120 and Cmax values changed in a dose-proportional manner. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil were not different between genotypes after intravenous bolus doses, indicating that PepT1 did not affect drug disposition. Finally, no differences were observed in the peripheral tissue distribution of cefadroxil (i.e., outside gastrointestinal tract) once these tissues were corrected for differences in perfusing blood concentrations.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrate convincingly the critical role of intestinal PepT1 in both the rate and extent of oral administration for cefadroxil and potentially other aminocephalosporin drugs.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Grant R01-GM035498] (to D.E.S.).
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Posada, M.M., Smith, D.E. In Vivo Absorption and Disposition of Cefadroxil After Escalating Oral Doses in Wild-Type and PepT1 Knockout Mice. Pharm Res 30, 2931–2939 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-013-1168-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-013-1168-3