Skip to main content
Log in

Current Criteria for Studies of Drug Bioequivalence: Harmonization of National Standards

  • Molecular-Biological Problems of Drug Design and Mechanism of Drug Action
  • Published:
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Aims and scope

Harmonization of national standards for drugs is one of the most relevant contemporary tasks for states, and the importance of this task for Russia increased with entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). Apart from laws regulating medicines, a large body of subordinate legislation also requires review and updating. The guidelines for studies of drug bioequivalence are among the definitive normative documents for drug registration and quality control. The expert and medical communities are of the view that the current Russian guidelines do not meet international requirements and require revision. Some of the international criteria used in studies of drug bioequivalence are presented here. With the aim of increasing the quality of medicines on the Russian pharmaceutical market, we discuss current and proposed additional indicators for studies of bioequivalence for amendments and additions to allow documents to reach international standards.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Qualitative Studies of the Bioequivalence of Medicines. Methodological Guidelines of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation [in Russian], issued August, 2004, Moscow (2004).

  2. European Guideline on the Investigation of Bioequivalence, CPMP / EWP / QWP / 1401 / 98 Rev. 1 / Corr *

  3. Guidance for industry: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Orally Administered Drug ProductsGeneral Considerations, U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), March, Roñkville, MD (2003).

  4. K. Nakai, M. Fujita, and H. Ogata, Yakugaku Zasshi, 120, 1193 – 1200 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. E. Diletti, D. Hauschke, and V. W. Steinijans, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 29, 1 – 8 (1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Hauschke, V. W. Steinijans, E. Diletti, and M. Burke, J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 20, 559 – 563 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Rani and A. Pargal, Indian J. Pharmacol., 36(4), 209 – 216 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. E. Grizzle, Biometrics, 21, 467 – 480 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. M. Laird, J. Skinner, and M. Kenward, Stat. Med., 11, 1967 – 1979 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. W. W. Hauck and S. Anderson, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 30, 181 – 187 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. C. Chow and J. P. Liu, Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalent Studies, Dekker, New York (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. E. Phillips, J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 18, 137 – 144 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Joseph Balthasar, Am. J. Pharm. Educ., 63(2), 194 – 198 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. H. Drew, S. Weller, H. A. Gallis, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33(10), 1801 – 1803 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Ya. Velik, Requirements of Regulatory Organs. Practical Handbook: Preparation of Evaluators of BE [in Russian], Kiev (2009).

  16. P. Meredith, Clin. Ther., 25(11), 2875 – 2890 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. D. J. Birkett, Australian Prescriber, 26, 85 – 87 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  18. L. Tothfalusi, L. Endrenyi, and A. G. Arieta, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 48(11), 725 – 743 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. M. Davit, D. P. Conner, B. Fabian-Fritsch, et al., Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci., 10(1), 148 – 156 (2008).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. K. Midha, M. J. Rawson, and J. W. Hubbard, Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 43(10), 485 – 498 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Background Information for Advisory Committee Meeting, Bioequivalence Requirements for Highly Variable Drugs and Drug Products, April 14, Rockville, MD (2004).

  22. S. H. Haidar, F. Makhlouf, D. J. Schuirmann, et al., Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci., 10(3), 450 – 454 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. J. Schuirmann, J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 15, 657 – 680 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. W. Hauck, A. Parekh, L. J. Lesko, et al., Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 39, 350 – 355 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Endrenyi, and L. Tothfalusi, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 12(1), 138 – 149 (2009).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. L. Tothfalusi, and L. Endrenyi, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 15(1), 73 – 84 (2012).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Tothfalusi, and L. Enderyi, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 39, 162 – 166 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. I. V. Bondareva, Klin. Ter., No. 1, 14 – 22 (2004).

  29. L. Z. Benet, and J. E. Goyan, Pharmacotherapy, 15(4), 433 – 440 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. D. Esinhart, and V. M. Chinchilli, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 32, 26 – 32 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. L. Gould, J. Biopharm. Stat., 7, 23 – 29 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H. L. Ju, J. Biopharm. Stat., 7, 63 – 85 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. P. Liu and S. C. Chow, J. Biopharm. Stat., 7, 49 – 61 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. V. W. Steinijans and D. Hauschke, Clin. Res. Regul. Aff., 10, 203 – 220 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. V. W. Steinijans, D. Hauschke, and R. Schall, Drug Inform. J., 29, 1055 – 1062 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Wellek, J. Biopharm. Stat., 7, 17 – 21 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. L. Chen, R. Patnaik, W. W. Hauck, et al., Stat. Med., 19, 2821 – 2842 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Endrenyi, N. Taback, and L. Tothfalusi, Stat Med., 19, 2867 – 2878 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. A. L. Gould, Stat. Med., 19, 2721 – 2740 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. Hauschke and V. W. Steinijans, Stat. Med., 19, 2769 – 2774 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. F. C. Hsuan, Stat. Med., 19, 2879 – 2884 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. V. P. Zherdev, A. K. Sariev, A. Litvin, et al., E’ksperim. Klin. Farmakol., No. 2, 60 – 64 (2003).

  43. V. V. Poltorak, V. V. Lipson, and L. E. Nikishina, Probl. E’ndokrin. Patol., No. 3, 83 – 96 (2008).

  44. Dissolution Testing of Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Guidance for Industry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD (1997).

  45. B. H. Stewart, O. H. Chan, R. H. Lu, et al., Pharm. Res., 12, 693 – 699 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E. H. Kerns, L. Di, and G. T. Carter, Cur. Drug. Metab., 9(9), 879 – 885 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Sun, L. Yu, M. Hussain, et al., Cur. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel., 7, 75 – 85 (2004).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. H. Kortejarvi, A. Urtti, and M. Yliperttula, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 30, 155 – 166 (2007).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J. Polli, Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci., 10, 289 – 299 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Dahan, J. M. Miller, and G. L. Amidon, Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci., 11, 740 – 746 (2009).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. X. Yu, G. L. Amidon, J. E. Polli, et al., Pharm. Res., 19, 921 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. V. E. Thiel-Demby, J. E. Humphreys, L. A. St. John Williams, et al., Mol. Pharm., 6, 11 – 18 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. G. L. Amidon, H. Lennernas, V. P. Shah, et al., Pharm. Res., 12, 413 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Lobenberg and G. L. Amidon, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 50, 3 – 12 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. J. Polli, B. Abrahamsson, L. Yu, et al., Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci., 10, 373 – 379 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. M. Custodio, C.-Y. Wu, and L. Z. Benet, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 60(6), 717 – 733 (2008).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. E. Diletti, D. Hauschke, and V. W. Steinijans, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 30, 551 – 558 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  58. S. C. Chow and H. Wang, J. Pharmacokinet. Phar., 28(2), 155 – 169 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. X. Gao, H. Cheng, Sample Size Determination from A Pilot Bioequivalence study for A Future Pivotal Bioequivalence Study: A SAS Procedure, MDS Harris, Lincoln, Nebraska (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  60. H. Schütz, BEBAC. Biostatistics: Basic Concepts and Applicable Principles for Various Designs in Bioequivalence Studies and Data Analysis, 29 – 30 January, Mumbai (2011).

  61. D. Schuirmann, ASA Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, VA: American Statistical Association, Alexandria (1987), pp. 137 – 142.

  62. L. J. McGilveray, Bio-International II: Bioavailability, Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Studies, International Conference of F. I. P.Bio-International 94”, Medpharm. Scientific Publishers, Munich, Stuttgart, Germany (1995), pp. 109 – 115.

    Google Scholar 

  63. S. Rani, Indian J. Pharmacol., 39(5), 218 – 225 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. W. G. Cochran and G. M. Cox, Experimental Designs, Wiley and Sons, New York (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  65. R. A. Fisher, The design of Experiments, Hafner Publishing Company, New York (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  66. J. H. Zar, Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  67. P. Armitage, Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Wiley and Sons, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  68. W. J. Westlake, Biometrics, 37, 589 – 594 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. J. P. Liu and S. C. Chow, J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 20, 101 – 104 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. L. X. Yu, E. Lipka, J. R. Crison, et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 19, 359 – 376 (1996).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. S. A. Willavise and E. A. Morgenthien, Pharm. Stat., 5, 201 – 211 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. R. Lobenberg and G. L. Amidon, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 50, No. 1, 3–12 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. E. Zintzaras and P. Bouka, Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharm., 24, 225 – 232 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. H. P. Wijnand, Comput. Meth. Prog. Bio., 70, 21 – 35 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. I. E. Shokhin, G. V. Ramenskaya, G. F. Vasilenko, et al., Khim.-Farm. Zh., 45(2), 64 – 66 (2011); Pharm. Chem. J., 45(2), 107 – 109 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. G. V. Ramenskaya and I. E. Shokhin, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 43(9), 30 – 34 (2009); Pharm. Chem. J., 43(9), 512 – 515 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. I. E. Smekhova, Yu. M. Perova, I. A. Kondrat’eva, et al., Razrabotka i Regitratsiya Lek. Sredstv., 1(2), 50 – 61 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  78. G. V. Ramenskaya, I. E. Shokhin, A. Yu. Savchenko, et al., Biomeditsina, No. 2, 50 – 57 (2011).

  79. S. G. Yang, Arch. Pharm. Res., 33(11), 1835 – 1842 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Schneider.

Additional information

Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 3 – 10, May, 2014.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Smirnov, A.S., Schneider, A., Frolov, M.Y. et al. Current Criteria for Studies of Drug Bioequivalence: Harmonization of National Standards. Pharm Chem J 48, 303–309 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-014-1099-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-014-1099-2

Keywords

Navigation