Abstract
One of the most important aspects in tsunami studies is the behaviour of the wave when it approaches the coast. Information on physical parameters that characterize waves is often limited because of the difficulties in achieving accurate measurements at the time of the event. The impact of a tsunami on the coast is governed by nonlinear physics, such as turbulence with spatial and temporal variability. The use of the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method (SPH) presents advantages over models based on two-dimensional shallow waters equations, because the assumed vertical velocity simplifies the hydrodynamics in two dimensions. The study presented here reports numerical SPH simulations of the tsunami event which occurred in Coquimbo (Chile) in September, 2015. On the basis of the reconstruction of the physical parameters that characterized this event (flow velocities, direction and water elevations), calibrated by a reference model, the force values on buildings in the study area were numerically calculated and compared with an estimate given by the Chilean Structural Design Standard. Discussion and conclusions of the comparison of both methodologies are presented, including an analysis of the influence of the topographic details of the model in the estimation of hydrodynamic forces.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful for funding from the Ibero-American Programme for the Development of Science and Technology (CYTED) under Project 516RT0512, CONICYT (Chile) the Grant FONDAP 15110017, the European Union Horizon 2020 programme under the ENERXICO Project, Grant Agreement No. 828947 and the Mexican CONACYT- SENER-Hidrocarburos Grant Agreement No. B-S-69926. The numerical calculations for this paper were performed on the ABACUS-I supercomputer of the Centro de Matematica Aplicada y Computo de Alto Rendimiento, CINVESTAV-ABACUS. We would also like to thank the EPHYSLAB group of the University of Vigo (Spain) for their support.
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Klapp, J., Areu-Rangel, O.S., Cruchaga, M. et al. Tsunami hydrodynamic force on a building using a SPH real-scale numerical simulation. Nat Hazards 100, 89–109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03800-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03800-3