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Monitoring Koyulhisar landslide using rapid static GPS: a strategy to remove biases from vertical velocities

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Abstract

GPS is frequently used in the monitoring of natural hazards and other geophysical phenomena. Landslide monitoring is one such area in which various GPS methods are tested and various systematic error sources are introduced. In previous studies, one error source introduced on rapid static GPS was the effect of large height differences in GPS positions. In this study, we further investigate how GPS velocities/slip rates are affected by large station height differences when rapid static surveying is used. In order to demonstrate the influences, we used static GPS measurements from the Koyulhisar landslide in central Turkey. Comparison of rapid static GPS solutions with static GPS solutions using BERNESE 5.0 indicates that systematic biases occur in the estimated rapid static GPS deformation rates when the station height difference is large between baseline points. The effect is more significant on the vertical component, whereas it is negligible on the horizontal components. When reducing the height difference between the reference station and the rover stations, rapid static solutions from 15-min sessions show high correlation and similar deformation rates with static positioning solutions.

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Acknowledgments

BERNESE 5.0 was provided for GPS data processing by TUBITAK MAM under a contract through a State Planning Organization (SPO) project with the grant 2006 K-120220. Some of the GPS campaigns were also funded by the SPO project. Cumhuriyet University funded Koyulhisar Landslide Project with the Grant M-330 and Kemal Hastaoglu’s studentship in Yildiz Technical University. TUBITAK BIDEB also partly supported Kemal Hastaoğlu with a Ph.D. Grant. We used Google Earth to draw the map of the Koyulhisar landslide. The authors are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and contributions in enhancing the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geodesy Division, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

    K. O. Hastaoglu

  2. Geodesy Department, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey

    D. U. Sanli

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  1. K. O. Hastaoglu
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  2. D. U. Sanli
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Correspondence to D. U. Sanli.

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Hastaoglu, K.O., Sanli, D.U. Monitoring Koyulhisar landslide using rapid static GPS: a strategy to remove biases from vertical velocities. Nat Hazards 58, 1275–1294 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9728-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9728-5

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