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Role of Matricellular Proteins in Disorders of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are actively expressed non-structural proteins present in the extracellular matrix, which rapidly turnover and possess regulatory roles, as well as mediate cell–cell interactions. MCPs characteristically contain binding sites for other extracellular proteins, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases, that provide structural support for surrounding cells. MCPs are present in most organs, including brain, and play a major role in cell–cell interactions and tissue repair. Among the MCPs found in brain include thrombospondin-1/2, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine family (SPARC), including Hevin/SC1, Tenascin C and CYR61/Connective Tissue Growth Factor/Nov family of proteins, glypicans, galectins, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), autotaxin, fibulin and perisostin. This review summarizes the potential role of MCPs in the pathogenesis of major neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, trauma, hepatic encephalopathy, Down’s syndrome, autism, multiple sclerosis, brain neoplasms, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. Potential therapeutic opportunities of MCP’s for these disorders are also considered in this review.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a Merit Review from the US Department of Veterans Affairs and by a National Institutes of Health grant (DK063311).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA

    A. R. Jayakumar, A. Apeksha & M. D. Norenberg

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA

    A. Apeksha & M. D. Norenberg

  3. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    M. D. Norenberg

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    M. D. Norenberg

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  1. A. R. Jayakumar
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Correspondence to M. D. Norenberg.

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Jayakumar, A.R., Apeksha, A. & Norenberg, M.D. Role of Matricellular Proteins in Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 42, 858–875 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-2088-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-2088-5

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