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Handling of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles by Astrocytes

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Abstract

Metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used for various biomedical applications. Since such NPs are able to enter the brain, the cells of this organ have to deal with NPs and with NP-derived metal ions. In brain, astrocytes are considered to play a key function in regulating metal homeostasis and in protecting other brain cells against metal toxicity. Thus, among the different types of brain cells, especially astrocytes are of interest regarding the uptake and the handling of metal-containing NPs. This article summarizes the current knowledge on the consequences of an exposure of astrocytes to NPs. Special focus will be given to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), since the biocompatibility of these NPs has been studied for astrocytes in detail. Cultured astrocytes efficiently accumulate IONPs and AgNPs in a time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent manner by endocytotic processes. Astrocytes are neither acutely damaged by the exposure to high concentrations of NPs nor by the prolonged intracellular presence of large amounts of accumulated NPs. Although metal ions are liberated from accumulated NPs, NP-derived iron and silver ions are not exported from astrocytes but are rather stored in proteins such as ferritin and metallothioneins which are synthesized in NP-treated astrocytes. The efficient accumulation of large amounts of metal-containing NPs and the upregulation of proteins that safely store NP-derived metal ions suggest that astrocytes protect the brain against the potential toxicity of metal-containing NPs.

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Acknowledgments

M. C. Hohnholt would like to thank the “Forschungsförderung” of the University of Bremen for financial support. M. Geppert and E. M. Luther would like to thank the Hans-Böckler-Stiftung for their Ph.D. fellowships. M. C. Hohnholt, M. Geppert and E. M. Luther were members of the graduate school “nanoToxCom”.

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  1. Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    Michaela C. Hohnholt, Mark Geppert, Eva M. Luther, Charlotte Petters, Felix Bulcke & Ralf Dringen

  2. Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Michaela C. Hohnholt, Mark Geppert, Eva M. Luther, Charlotte Petters, Felix Bulcke & Ralf Dringen

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  1. Michaela C. Hohnholt
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Correspondence to Ralf Dringen.

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Hohnholt, M.C., Geppert, M., Luther, E.M. et al. Handling of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles by Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 38, 227–239 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0930-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0930-y

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