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Binge Ethanol-induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures: Effects of PLA2 Inhibitor Mepacrine and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

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Abstract

Using rat organotypic hippocampal-entorhinal cortical (HEC) slice cultures, we examined whether phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is involved in binge alcohol (ethanol)-induced neurodegeneration, and whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), a fish oil-enriched fatty acid that is anti-inflammatory in brain damage models, is neuroprotective. Assessed with propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, neurodamage from ethanol (6 days 100 mM ethanol with four withdrawal periods) was prevented by the PLA2 pan-inhibitor, mepacrine. Also, ethanol-dependent neurodegeneration—particularly in the entorhinal region—was significantly ameliorated by DHA supplementation (25 μM); however, adrenic acid, a 22:4n-6 analog, was ineffective. Consistent with PLA2 activation, [3H] liberation was approximately fivefold greater in [3H]arachidonic acid-preloaded HEC slice cultures during ethanol withdrawal compared to controls, and DHA supplementation suppressed [3H] release to control levels. DHA might antagonize PLA2 activity directly or suppress upstream activators (e.g., oxidative stress); however, other DHA mechanisms could be important in subdueing ethanol-induced PLA2-dependent and independent neuroinflammatory processes.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ADA:

Adrenic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

HEC:

Hippocampal-entorhinal cortical

MEP:

Mepacrine

PKB:

Protein kinase B

PLA2:

Phospholipase A2

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

Supported by the Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) Alcohol Research Program (NIH T32 AA13527) and an LUMC Potts award to M.A.C.

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Brown, J., Achille, N., Neafsey, E.J. et al. Binge Ethanol-induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures: Effects of PLA2 Inhibitor Mepacrine and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Neurochem Res 34, 260–267 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9765-y

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