Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthetic NCAM-Derived Ligands of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 663))

Abstract

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) responds to cues in the external environment and transmits signals to the cell through extracellular and intracellular interactions with a number of other signal transduction molecules. One such NCAM interaction partner is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). NCAM interacts with FGFR via two fibronectin type III (FN3) modules in the extracellular part of NCAM. These modules consist of β-strands and connecting loop regions. On the basis of the structural analysis of the NCAM FN3 modules, four peptide sequences, FGL, BCL, dekaCAM, and FRM, encompassing various FN3 module loop regions, have been identified as FGFR ligands. All four peptides activate FGFR and differentially modulate a number of neuronal functions, such as differentiation, survival, and synaptic changes that are important for learning, memory, and neuronal regeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jorgensen OS, Bock E (1974) Brain specific synaptosomal membrane proteins demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. J Neurochem 23:879-880

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pollerberg GE, Schachner M, Davoust J (1986) Differentiation state-dependent surface mobilities of two forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. Nature 324:462-465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pollerberg GE, Burridge K, Krebs KE, Goodman SR, Schachner M (1987) The 180-kD component of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is involved in a cell-cell contacts and cytoskeleton-membrane interactions. Cell Tissue Res 250:227-236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Leshchyns’ka I, Sytnyk V, Morrow JS, Schachner M (2003) Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) association with PKCbeta2 via betaI spectrin is implicated in NCAM-mediated neurite outgrowth. J Cell Biol 161:625-639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Beggs HE, Baragona SC, Hemperly JJ, Maness PF (1997) NCAM140 interacts with the focal adhesion kinase p125(fak) and the SRC-related tyrosine kinase p59(fyn). J Biol Chem 272:8310-8319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. He Q, Meiri KF (2002) Isolation and characterization of detergent-resistant microdomains responsive to NCAM-mediated signaling from growth cones. Mol Cell Neurosci 19:18-31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Heiland PC, Griffith LS, Lange R, Schachner M, Hertlein B, Traub O, Schmitz B (1998) Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is implicated in its oligomannosidic glycan dependent association with NCAM and neurite outgrowth. Eur J Cell Biol 75:97-106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Milev P, Maurel P, Haring M, Margolis RK, Margolis RU (1996) TAG-1/axonin-1 is a high-affinity ligand of neurocan, phosphacan/protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta/beta, and N-CAM. J Biol Chem 271:15716-15723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Paratcha G, Ledda F, Ibanez CF (2003) The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is an alternative signaling receptor for GDNF family ligands. Cell 113:867-879

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kiselyov VV, Skladchikova G, Hinsby AM, Jensen PH, Kulahin N, Soroka V, Pedersen N, Tsetlin V, Poulsen FM, Berezin V, Bock E (2003) Structural basis for a direct interaction between FGFR1 and NCAM and evidence for a regulatory role of ATP. Structure 11:691-701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mistry SK, Keefer EW, Cunningham BA, Edelman GM, Crossin KL (2002) Cultured rat hippocampal neural progenitors generate spontaneously active neural networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:1621-1626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ditlevsen DK, Kohler LB, Pedersen MV, Risell M, Kolkova K, Meyer M, Berezin V, Bock E (2003) The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in neural cell adhesion molecule-mediated neuronal differentiation and survival. J Neurochem 84:546-556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ditlevsen DK, Berezin V, Bock E (2007) Signalling pathways underlying neural cell adhesion molecule-mediated survival of dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci 25:1678-1684

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Prag S, Lepekhin EA, Kolkova K, Hartmann-Petersen R, Kawa A, Walmod PS, Belman V, Gallagher HC, Berezin V, Bock E, Pedersen N (2002) NCAM regulates cell motility. J Cell Sci 115:283-292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nguyen L, Rigo JM, Malgrange B, Moonen G, Belachew S (2003) Untangling the functional potential of PSA-NCAM-expressing cells in CNS development and brain repair strategies. Curr Med Chem 10:2185-2196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ronn LC, Bock E, Linnemann D, Jahnsen H (1995) NCAM-antibodies modulate induction of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal CA1. Brain Res 677:145-151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dityatev A, Dityateva G, Sytnyk V, Delling M, Toni N, Nikonenko I, Muller D, Schachner M (2004) Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule promotes remodeling and formation of hippocampal synapses. J Neurosci 24:9372-9382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Polo-Parada L, Plattner F, Bose C, Landmesser LT (2005) NCAM 180 acting via a conserved C-terminal domain and MLCK is essential for effective transmission with repetitive stimulation. Neuron 46:917-931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Angata K, Long JM, Bukalo O, Lee W, Dityatev A, Wynshaw-Boris A, Schachner M, Fukuda M, Marth JD (2004) Sialyltransferase ST8Sia-II assembles a subset of polysialic acid that directs hippocampal axonal targeting and promotes fear behavior. J Biol Chem 279:32603-32613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Venero C, Herrero AI, Touyarot K, Cambon K, Lopez-Fernandez MA, Berezin V, Bock E, Sandi C (2006) Hippocampal up-regulation of NCAM expression and polysialylation plays a key role on spatial memory. Eur J Neurosci 23:1585-1595

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Markram K, Gerardy-Schahn R, Sandi C (2007) Selective learning and memory impairments in mice deficient for polysialylated NCAM in adulthood. Neuroscience 144:788-796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cambon K, Hansen SM, Venero C, Herrero AI, Skibo G, Berezin V, Bock E, Sandi C (2004) A synthetic neural cell adhesion molecule mimetic peptide promotes synaptogenesis, enhances presynaptic function, and facilitates memory consolidation. J Neurosci 24:4197-4204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kallapur SG, Akeson RA (1992) The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) heparin binding domain binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Neurosci Res 33:538-548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cole GJ, Akeson R (1989) Identification of a heparin binding domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM using synthetic peptides. Neuron 2:1157-1165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kiryushko D, Bock E, Berezin V (2007) Pharmacology of cell adhesion molecules of the nervous system. Curr Neuropharmacol 5:253-267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ronn LC, Olsen M, Ostergaard S, Kiselyov V, Berezin V, Mortensen MT, Lerche MH, Jensen PH, Soroka V, Saffell JL, Doherty P, Poulsen FM, Bock E, Holm A (1999) Identification of a neuritogenic ligand of the neural cell adhesion molecule using a combinatorial library of synthetic peptides. Nat Biotechnol 17:1000-1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ronn LC, Olsen M, Soroka V, OS S, Dissing S, Poulsen FM, Holm A, Berezin V, Bock E (2002) Characterization of a novel NCAM ligand with a stimulatory effect on neurite outgrowth identified by screening a combinatorial peptide library. Eur J Neurosci 16:1720-1730

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Berezin V, Bock E (2004) NCAM mimetic peptides: pharmacological and therapeutic potential. J Mol Neurosci 22:33-39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Williams EJ, Walsh FS, Doherty P (1994) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors can differentially inhibit integrin-dependent and CAM-stimulated neurite outgrowth. J Cell Biol 124:1029-1037

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Meiri KF, Saffell JL, Walsh FS, Doherty P (1998) Neurite outgrowth stimulated by neural cell adhesion molecules requires growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) function and is associated with GAP-43 phosphorylation in growth cones. J Neurosci 18:10429-10437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kolkova K, Novitskaya V, Pedersen N, Berezin V, Bock E (2000) Neural cell adhesion molecule-stimulated neurite outgrowth depends on activation of protein kinase C and the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Neurosci 20:2238-2246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Saffell JL, Williams EJ, Mason IJ, Walsh FS, Doherty P (1997) Expression of a dominant negative FGF receptor inhibits axonal growth and FGF receptor phosphorylation stimulated by CAMs. Neuron 18:231-242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Niethammer P, Delling M, Sytnyk V, Dityatev A, Fukami K, Schachner M (2002) Cosignaling of NCAM via lipid rafts and the FGF receptor is required for neuritogenesis. J Cell Biol 157:521-532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kasper C, Stahlhut M, Berezin V, Maar TE, Edvardsen K, Kiselyov VV, Soroka V, Bock E (1996) Functional characterization of NCAM fibronectin type III domains: demonstration of modulatory effects of the proline-rich sequence encoded by alternatively spliced exons a and AAG. J Neurosci Res 46:173-186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Doherty P, Walsh FS (1996) CAM-FGF receptor interactions: a model for axonal growth. Mol Cell Neurosci 8:99-111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Powers CJ, McLeskey SW, Wellstein A (2000) Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling. Endocr Relat Cancer 7:165-197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Plotnikov AN, Schlessinger J, Hubbard SR, Mohammadi M (1999) Structural basis for FGF receptor dimerization and activation. Cell 98:641-650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sanchez-Heras E, Howell FV, Williams G, Doherty P (2006) The fibroblast growth factor receptor acid box is essential for interactions with N-cadherin and all of the major isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule. J Biol Chem 281:35208-35216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Christensen C, Lauridsen JB, Berezin V, Bock E, Kiselyov VV (2006) The neural cell adhesion molecule binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. FEBS Lett 580:3386-3390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Campbell ID, Spitzfaden C (1994) Building proteins with fibronectin type III modules. Structure 2:333-337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Eswarakumar VP, Lax I, Schlessinger J (2005) Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 16:139-149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mason I (2007) Initiation to end point: the multiple roles of fibroblast growth factors in neural development. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:583-596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Furdui CM, Lew ED, Schlessinger J, Anderson KS (2006) Autophosphorylation of FGFR1 kinase is mediated by a sequential and precisely ordered reaction. Mol Cell 21:711-717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ong SH, Hadari YR, Gotoh N, Guy GR, Schlessinger J, Lax I (2001) Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by fibroblast growth factor receptors is mediated by coordinated recruitment of multiple docking proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6074-6079

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hadari YR, Gotoh N, Kouhara H, Lax I, Schlessinger J (2001) Critical role for the docking-protein FRS2 alpha in FGF receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:8578-8583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Neiiendam JL, Kohler LB, Christensen C, Li S, Pedersen MV, Ditlevsen DK, Kornum MK, Kiselyov VV, Berezin V, Bock E (2004) An NCAM-derived FGF-receptor agonist, the FGL-peptide, induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in primary rat neurons. J Neurochem 91:920-935

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cross DA, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Andjelkovich M, Hemmings BA (1995) Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature 378:785-789

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hetman M, Cavanaugh JE, Kimelman D, Xia Z (2000) Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in neuronal apoptosis induced by trophic withdrawal. J Neurosci 20:2567-2574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Klementiev B, Novikova T, Novitskaya V, Walmod PS, Dmytriyeva O, Pakkenberg B, Berezin V, Bock E (2007) A neural cell adhesion molecule-derived peptide reduces neuropathological signs and cognitive impairment induced by Abeta25-35. Neuroscience 145:209-224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bhat RV, Budd Haeberlein SL, Avila J (2004) Glycogen synthase kinase 3: a drug target for CNS therapies. J Neurochem 89:1313-1317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Reuss B, Reuss B, von Bohlen und Halbach O (2003) Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in the central nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 313:139-157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Skibo GG, Lushnikova IV, Voronin KY, Dmitrieva O, Novikova T, Klementiev B, Vaudano E, Berezin VA, Bock E (2005) A synthetic NCAM-derived peptide, FGL, protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic insult both in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 22:1589-1596

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wang E, Marcotte R, Petroulakis E (1999) Signaling pathway for apoptosis: a racetrack for life or death. J Cell Biochem Suppl 32-33:95-102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Vousden KH, Lu X (2002) Live or let die: the cell’s response to p53. Nat Rev Cancer 2:594-604

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Johnson-Farley NN, Patel K, Kim D, Cowen DS (2007) Interaction of FGF-2 with IGF-1 and BDNF in stimulating Akt, ERK, and neuronal survival in hippocampal cultures. Brain Res 1154:40-49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Cremer H, Chazal G, Carleton A, Goridis C, Vincent JD, Lledo PM (1998) Long-term but not short-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses is impaired in neural cell adhesion molecule-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13242-13247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Eckhardt M, Bukalo O, Chazal G, Wang L, Goridis C, Schachner M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Cremer H, Dityatev A (2000) Mice deficient in the polysialyltransferase ST8SiaIV/PST-1 allow discrimination of the roles of neural cell adhesion molecule protein and polysialic acid in neural development and synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci 20:5234-5244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Polo-Parada L, Bose CM, Landmesser LT (2001) Alterations in transmission, vesicle dynamics, and transmitter release machinery at NCAM-deficient neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 32:815-828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Merino JJ, Cordero MI, Sandi C (2000) Regulation of hippocampal cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1 by contextual fear conditioning is dependent upon time and stressor intensity. Eur J Neurosci 12:3283-3290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Foley AG, Hartz BP, Gallagher HC, Ronn LC, Berezin V, Bock E, Regan CM (2000) A synthetic peptide ligand of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) IgI domain prevents NCAM internalization and disrupts passive avoidance learning. J Neurochem 74:2607-2613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hartz BP, Sohoel A, Berezin V, Bock E, Scheel-Kruger J (2003) A synthetic peptide ligand of NCAM affects exploratory behavior and memory in rodents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:861-867

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Secher T, Novitskaia V, Berezin V, Bock E, Glenthoj B, Klementiev B (2006) A neural cell adhesion molecule-derived fibroblast growth factor receptor agonist, the FGL-peptide, promotes early postnatal sensorimotor development and enhances social memory retention. Neuroscience 141:1289-1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Popov VI, Medvedev NI, Kraev IV, Gabbott PL, Davies HA, Lynch M, Cowley TR, Berezin V, Bock E, Stewart MG (2008) A cell adhesion molecule mimetic, FGL peptide, induces alterations in synapse and dendritic spine structure in the dentate gyrus of aged rats: a three-dimensional ultrastructural study. Eur J Neurosci 27:301-314

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Eom TY, Roth KA, Jope RS (2007) Neural precursor cells are protected from apoptosis induced by trophic factor withdrawal or genotoxic stress by inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3. J Biol Chem 282:22856-22864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Anand R, Seiberling M, Kamtchoua T, Pokorny R (2007) Tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of the FGLL peptide, a novel mimetic of neural cell adhesion molecule, following intranasal administration in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacokinet 46:351-358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Jacobsen J, Kiselyov V, Bock E, Berezin V (2008) A peptide motif from the second fibronectin module of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, NLIKQDDGGSPIRHY, is a binding site for the FGF receptor. Neurochem Res 33(12):2532-2539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Anderson AA, Kendal CE, Garcia-Maya M, Kenny AV, Morris-Triggs SA, Wu T, Reynolds R, Hohenester E, Saffell JL (2005) A peptide from the first fibronectin domain of NCAM acts as an inverse agonist and stimulates FGF receptor activation, neurite outgrowth and survival. J Neurochem 95:570-583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mendiratta SS, Sekulic N, Hernandez-Guzman FG, Close BE, Lavie A, Colley KJ (2006) A novel alpha-helix in the first fibronectin type III repeat of the neural cell adhesion molecule is critical for N-glycan polysialylation. J Biol Chem 281:36052-36059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Carafoli F, Saffell JL, Hohenester E (2008) Structure of the tandem Fibronectin Type 3 domains of neural cell adhesion molecule. J Mol Biol 377(2):524-534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Garcia-Maya M, Anderson AA, Kendal CE, Kenny AV, Edwards-Ingram LC, Holladay A, Saffell JL (2006) Ligand concentration is a driver of divergent signaling and pleiotropic cellular responses to FGF. J Cell Physiol 206:386-393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Li S, Christensen C, Kiselyov VV, Kohler LB, Bock E, Berezin V (2008) Fibroblast growth factor-derived peptides: functional agonists of the fibroblast growth factor receptor. J Neurochem 104:667-682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kiselyov VV, Soroka V, Berezin V, Bock E (2005) Structural biology of NCAM homophilic binding and activation of FGFR. J Neurochem 94:1169-1179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Burgess AW, Cho HS, Eigenbrot C, Ferguson KM, Garrett TP, Leahy DJ, Lemmon MA, Sliwkowski MX, Ward CW, Yokoyama S (2003) An open-and-shut case? Recent insights into the activation of EGF/ErbB receptors. Mol Cell 12:541-552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Olsen SK, Ibrahimi OA, Raucci A, Zhang F, Eliseenkova AV, Yayon A, Basilico C, Linhardt RJ, Schlessinger J, Mohammadi M (2004) Insights into the molecular basis for fibroblast growth factor receptor autoinhibition and ligand-binding promiscuity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:935-940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kiselyov VV, Kochoyan A, Poulsen FM, Bock E, Berezin V (2006) Elucidation of the mechanism of the regulatory function of the Ig1 module of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Protein Sci 15:2318-2322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Schlessinger J (2003) Signal transduction. Autoinhibition Control Sci 300:750-752

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Senkov O, Sun M, Weinhold B, Gerardy-Schahn R, Schachner M, Dityatev A (2006) Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in induction of long-term potentiation and memory acquisition and consolidation in a fear-conditioning paradigm. J Neurosci 26:10888-109898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Protein Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, Building 6.2, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark

    Stine Maria Hansen, Shizhong Li, Elisabeth Bock & Vladimir Berezin

Authors
  1. Stine Maria Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shizhong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elisabeth Bock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vladimir Berezin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladimir Berezin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Panum Institute, Dept. Regenerative Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, Koebenhavn N, 2200, Denmark

    Vladimir Berezin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hansen, S.M., Li, S., Bock, E., Berezin, V. (2010). Synthetic NCAM-Derived Ligands of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor. In: Berezin, V. (eds) Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 663. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1170-4_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation