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Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

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Abstract

Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi are endemic species of the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina. Both species grow in either pure or mixed stands. In the last decades, several A. chilensis stands have been degraded by different disturbances that have compromised their natural regeneration. Plantation of seedlings of both species may be an alternative to help restore ecological, scenic and productive characteristics of these stands. In this study, we determined, in degraded A. chilensis stands grown in a xeric (≈ 690 mm.yr−1) and a mesic (≈ 984 mm.yr−1) site without canopy cover, the effects of tree shelters, the presence/absence of neighboring herbaceous vegetation, and the interaction between these factors on the performance (i.e. survival and growth) of planted N. dombeyi and A. chilensis seedlings, during four growing seasons. Results showed that tree shelters improved survival of N. dombeyi in the mesic site, and improved survival of both species in the xeric site. The removal of neighboring herbaceous vegetation improved the survival and diameter growth of both species at the xeric site, and improved the diameter growth of both species at the mesic site. By applying these planting technologies, both species could be successfully used for restoring highly degraded A. chilensis stands at mesic sites, while it is more advisable to use A. chilensis at xeric sites under open sky conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Ivor Roberts and Alejandro Garzonio for allowing us to carry out this study in their lands. We wish to acknowledge Cristian Huisca, Tania Figueroa, Cristian Muñoz, Mailen Concha and Franco Millaman for their help on planting, maintenance of treatments and measuring. We also wish to acknowledge Melisa Rago for her help on neighbouring vegetation characterization and for her English revision. This work was supported by a grant of Applied Research Project (PIA) 14067 from Forestry Sustainability and Competitiveness Program of the Unit for Rural Change (UCAR, Argentina), and by a grant from CONICET (PUE-CIEFAP 4116/16). This research was carried out within the frame of a Postgraduate fellowship from National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Argentina) to M. Caselli. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and associate editor for their detailed suggestions, which greatly improved our manuscript.

Funding

The Forestry Sustainability and Competitiveness Program of the Unit for Rural Change (UCAR) (Applied Research Project Grant PIA-14067, Argentina) supported this study. The Patagonian Andes Forest Research and Extension Center (CIEFAP), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) of Argentina (grant-PUE CIEFAP 4116/16) provided additional funds. This research was carried out within the frame of a Postgraduate fellowship from National Scientific and Technical Research Council grant to Marina Caselli (CONICET, Argentina).

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  1. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Ruta N° 259 km 16.24, CP 9200, Esquel, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina

    Marina Caselli, María Florencia Urretavizcaya, Gabriel Angel Loguercio, Liliana Contardi & Stefano Gianolini

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta N° 259 km 16.24, CP 9200, Esquel, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina

    Marina Caselli, María Florencia Urretavizcaya, Stefano Gianolini & Guillermo Emilio Defossé

  3. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sede Esquel, Ruta N° 259 km 16.24, CP 9200, Esquel, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina

    Gabriel Angel Loguercio, Liliana Contardi & Guillermo Emilio Defossé

  4. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónicas (CIEMEP), Roca N° 780, CP 9200, Esquel, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina

    Guillermo Emilio Defossé

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  1. Marina Caselli
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  2. María Florencia Urretavizcaya
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  4. Liliana Contardi
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  6. Guillermo Emilio Defossé
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Contributions

MC: conceptualization, methodology, data collection, formal analysis, investigation, writing original draft, writing review and editing, visualization, project administration. FU: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, writing review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition. GÁL: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, funding acquisition. LC: conceptualization, methodology. SG: data collection. Guillermo Emilio Defossé: conceptualization, resources, writing review and editing, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Marina Caselli.

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Caselli, M., Urretavizcaya, M.F., Loguercio, G.A. et al. Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests. New Forests 54, 179–200 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09912-2

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