Skip to main content
Log in

The Potential for Correcting Cognitive Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  • Published:
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Study aim. To identify and correct cognitive decline using gingko biloba EGb 761 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The results from studies of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the MMSE, MoCa, and TMT (parts A and B) tests. Results and conclusions. Cognitive impairments were detected in 85% of patients, with reductions in attention, short-term memory, and thinking speed; 83% of patients had moderate cognitive impairments. Standardized gingko biloba extract EGb 761 given at a dose of 240 mg/day for one month was found to improve short-term memory, the concentration of attention, and thinking speed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. D. Tovazhnyanskaya, I. O. Bezuglova, M. B. Navruzov, and N. S. Ba lkovaya, “Moderate cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Mezhdunar. Med. Zh., No. 1, 6–9 (2012).

  2. V. V. Zakharov and T. G. Voznesenskaya, Neuroposychatric Impai rments: Diagnostic Tests, MEDpress-inform, Moscow (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  3. I. I. Dedov and M. V. Shestakova, Diabetes Mellitus, Universum Pablishing, Moscow (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  4. I. A. Strokov, V. V. Zakharov, and K. I. Strokov, “Diabetic encephalopathy,” Nevrol. Neiropsikhiat. Neiropsikhosomat., No. 2, 30–40 (2012).

  5. P. Elias, M. Elias, R. D’Agostino, et al., “NIDDM and blood pressure as risk factors for poor cognitive performance,” Diabet. Care, 20, 1388–1395 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Miles and H. Root, “Psychologic tests applies in diabetic patients,” Arch. Int. Med., 30, 767–770 (12922).

  7. E. Gregg, K. Yaffe, J. Cauley, et al., “Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women?” Arch. Int. Med., 160, 174–180 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Ott, R. Stolk, A. Hofman, et al., “Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia: The Rotterdam Study,” Diabetologia, 39, 1392–1397 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Z.-G. Li, W. Zhang, and A. A. F. Sima, “C-peptide enhances insulin-mediated cell growth and protection against high glucose induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells,” Diab. Metab. Res. Rev., 19, 375–395 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Hayden and S. Shosh, “Signaling to NF-kappa B,” Genes Dev., 18, 2195–2224 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Brunton, “Beyond glycemic control: treating the entire type 2 diabetes disorder,” Postgrad. Med., 121, No. 5, 68–81 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. T. A. Slobodin and A. V. Goreva, “Cognitive reserve: causes of decreases and protective mechanisms,” Mezhdunar. Nevrol. Zh., 3, No. 49, 161–165 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. Taliyan and P. Sharma, “Protective effect and potential mechanism of EGb 761 on STZ-induced neuropathic pain in rats,” Phytother. Res., 26, No. 12, 1823–1829 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Lim, J. W. Yoon, S. M. Kang, et al., “EGb761, a Ginkgo biloba extract, is effective against atherosclerosis in vitro, and in a rat model of type 2 diabetes,” PLoS One, 6, No. 6, 20301 (2011).

  15. G. da Silva, J. Zanoni, and N. Buttow, “Neuroprotective action of Ginkgo biloba on the enteric nervous system of diabetic rats,” World J. Gastroenterol., 17, No. 7, 898–905 (2011).

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Mozet, R. Martin, K. Welt, and G. Fitzl, “Cardioprotective effect of EGb 761 on myocardial ultrastructure of young and old rat heart and antioxidant status during acute hypoxia,” Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 21, No. 1, 14–21 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Schneider, K. Welt, W. Aust, et al., “Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761,” Histol. Histopathol., 25, No. 12, 1581–1590 (2010).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Welt, J. Weiss, R. Martin, et al., “Ginkgo biloba extract protects rat kidney from diabetic and hypoxic damage,” Phytomedicine, 14, 196–203 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. G. B. Kudolo, W. Wang, R. Elrod, et al., “Short-term ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract does not alter whole body insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic or type 2 diabetic subjects – a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study,” Clin. Nutriol., 25, No. 1, 123–134 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 114. No. 9, Iss. I, pp. 25–29, September, 2014

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khairullin, I.K., Esin, R.G. & Pozdnyak, A.O. The Potential for Correcting Cognitive Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Neurosci Behav Physi 46, 360–364 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0242-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0242-9

Keywords

Navigation