Study aim. To identify and correct cognitive decline using gingko biloba EGb 761 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The results from studies of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the MMSE, MoCa, and TMT (parts A and B) tests. Results and conclusions. Cognitive impairments were detected in 85% of patients, with reductions in attention, short-term memory, and thinking speed; 83% of patients had moderate cognitive impairments. Standardized gingko biloba extract EGb 761 given at a dose of 240 mg/day for one month was found to improve short-term memory, the concentration of attention, and thinking speed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. D. Tovazhnyanskaya, I. O. Bezuglova, M. B. Navruzov, and N. S. Ba lkovaya, “Moderate cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Mezhdunar. Med. Zh., No. 1, 6–9 (2012).
V. V. Zakharov and T. G. Voznesenskaya, Neuroposychatric Impai rments: Diagnostic Tests, MEDpress-inform, Moscow (2013).
I. I. Dedov and M. V. Shestakova, Diabetes Mellitus, Universum Pablishing, Moscow (2003).
I. A. Strokov, V. V. Zakharov, and K. I. Strokov, “Diabetic encephalopathy,” Nevrol. Neiropsikhiat. Neiropsikhosomat., No. 2, 30–40 (2012).
P. Elias, M. Elias, R. D’Agostino, et al., “NIDDM and blood pressure as risk factors for poor cognitive performance,” Diabet. Care, 20, 1388–1395 (1997).
W. Miles and H. Root, “Psychologic tests applies in diabetic patients,” Arch. Int. Med., 30, 767–770 (12922).
E. Gregg, K. Yaffe, J. Cauley, et al., “Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women?” Arch. Int. Med., 160, 174–180 (2000).
A. Ott, R. Stolk, A. Hofman, et al., “Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia: The Rotterdam Study,” Diabetologia, 39, 1392–1397 (1996).
Z.-G. Li, W. Zhang, and A. A. F. Sima, “C-peptide enhances insulin-mediated cell growth and protection against high glucose induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells,” Diab. Metab. Res. Rev., 19, 375–395 (2003).
M. Hayden and S. Shosh, “Signaling to NF-kappa B,” Genes Dev., 18, 2195–2224 (2004).
S. Brunton, “Beyond glycemic control: treating the entire type 2 diabetes disorder,” Postgrad. Med., 121, No. 5, 68–81 (2009).
T. A. Slobodin and A. V. Goreva, “Cognitive reserve: causes of decreases and protective mechanisms,” Mezhdunar. Nevrol. Zh., 3, No. 49, 161–165 (2012).
R. Taliyan and P. Sharma, “Protective effect and potential mechanism of EGb 761 on STZ-induced neuropathic pain in rats,” Phytother. Res., 26, No. 12, 1823–1829 (2012).
S. Lim, J. W. Yoon, S. M. Kang, et al., “EGb761, a Ginkgo biloba extract, is effective against atherosclerosis in vitro, and in a rat model of type 2 diabetes,” PLoS One, 6, No. 6, 20301 (2011).
G. da Silva, J. Zanoni, and N. Buttow, “Neuroprotective action of Ginkgo biloba on the enteric nervous system of diabetic rats,” World J. Gastroenterol., 17, No. 7, 898–905 (2011).
C. Mozet, R. Martin, K. Welt, and G. Fitzl, “Cardioprotective effect of EGb 761 on myocardial ultrastructure of young and old rat heart and antioxidant status during acute hypoxia,” Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 21, No. 1, 14–21 (2009).
K. Schneider, K. Welt, W. Aust, et al., “Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761,” Histol. Histopathol., 25, No. 12, 1581–1590 (2010).
K. Welt, J. Weiss, R. Martin, et al., “Ginkgo biloba extract protects rat kidney from diabetic and hypoxic damage,” Phytomedicine, 14, 196–203 (2007).
G. B. Kudolo, W. Wang, R. Elrod, et al., “Short-term ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract does not alter whole body insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic or type 2 diabetic subjects – a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study,” Clin. Nutriol., 25, No. 1, 123–134 (2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 114. No. 9, Iss. I, pp. 25–29, September, 2014
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khairullin, I.K., Esin, R.G. & Pozdnyak, A.O. The Potential for Correcting Cognitive Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Neurosci Behav Physi 46, 360–364 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0242-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0242-9