Abstract
Several strategies for the delivery and release of drugs have been studied, among them the use of polymeric nanoparticles of PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid). These nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to be promising for the controlled and effective release of drugs due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Regarding this, the aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize PLGA polymer nanoparticles associated with antimicrobials in order to reduce adverse reactions and to have a more effective local delivery. Empty PLGA nanoparticles and conjugated to vancomycin and meropenem antibiotics were synthesized by the double emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Then, they were characterized by the analysis of the mean particle diameter, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DLS analysis of the NPs obtained showed approximate sizes of 263.5 nm (NPs-PLGA), 239.3 nm (NPs-VAN) and 284.2 nm (NPs-MER), and monodispersivity. FTIR results and contact angle measurements suggest encapsulation of antibiotics to NPs. The morphology evaluated through AFM and SEM indicates homogeneous, uniform, and spherical distribution of NPs and also apparently smooth. The antibacterial action of PLGA nanoparticles carried with antibiotics was effective when using concentrations of 5–2.5 mg/mL (PLGA-VAN) versus Staphylococcus aureus and 10–2.5 mg/mL (PLGA-MER) to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The release kinetics of the antibiotics revealed a release profile of 43.9% at the end of 24 h and 96% at the end of 96 h for PLGA-VAN formulation and 8.25% and 16% at the end of 24 h and 96 h, for PLGA-MER, respectively. This study supports the potential application of PLGA particles containing antibiotics as facilitators of drug delivery and release effectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelkader A, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdelkader O, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M, El-Gazayerly ON (2017) Ultrahigh antibacterial efficacy of meropenem-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in a septic animal model. Carbohydr Polym 174:1041–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.030
Cielecka-Piontek J, Paczkowska M, Lewandowska K, Barszcz B, Zalewski P, Garbacki P (2013) Solid-state stability study of meropenem – solutions based on spectrophotometric analysis. Chem Cent J 7:98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-98
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2017) M100-S27. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 27th informational supplement. CLSI, Wayne
D’Souza S (2014) A review of in vitro drug release test methods for Nano-sized dosage forms. Adv Pharm 2014:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/304757
Danhier F, Ansorena E, Silva JM, Coco R, Le Breton A, Préat V (2012) PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications. J Control Release 161(2):505–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.043
Duncan D, Gaspar R (2011) Nanomedicine(s) under the microscope. Mol Pharm 8:2101–2141. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp200394t
Georgiev AG, Johansen J, Ramanathan VD, Sere YY, Beh CT, Menon AK (2013) Arv1 regulates PM and ER membrane structure and homeostasis but is dispensable for intracellular sterol transport. Traffic 14(8):912–921
Günday Türeli N, Torge A, Juntke J, Schwarz BC, Schneider-Daum N, Türeli AE, Lehr CM, Schneider M (2017) Ciprofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles against cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa lung infections. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 117:363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.032
Hill LE, Taylor MT, Gomes C (2013) Antimicrobial efficacy of poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with entrapped cinnamon bark extract against listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. J Food Sci 78(4):626–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12069
Javed KR, Ahmad M, Ali S et al (2015) Comparison of Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug Loading on Different Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Medicine 94(11):e617. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000617
Jelvehgari M, Barar J, Valizadeh H, Heidari N (2010) Preparation and evaluation of poly (s-caprolactone) nanoparticles-in- microparticles by W/O/W emulsion method. Iran J Basic Med Sci 13(3):85–96. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2010.5090
Kim JK, Kim HJ, Chung J-Y, Lee JH, Young SB, Kim YH (2014) Natural and synthetic biomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res 37:60–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0280-6
Lotfipour F, Abdollahi S, Jelvehgari M, Valizadeh H, Hassan M, Milani M (2014) Study of antimicrobial effects of vancomycin loaded PLGA nanoparticles against enterococcus clinical isolates. Drug Res (Stuttg) 64(7):348–352. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358747
Modi S, Anderson BD (2013) Determination of drug release kinetics from nanoparticles: overcoming pitfalls of the dynamic Dialysis method. Mol Pharm 10(8):3076–3089. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp400154a
Mohanraj VJ, Chen Y (2006) Nanoparticles – a review. Trop J Pharm Res 5(1):561–573. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v5i1.14634
Moreira Gomes C, Moreira RG, Castell-Perez E (2011) Poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with entrapped transcinnamaldehyde and eugenol for antimicrobial delivery applications. J Food Sci 76:16–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01985.x
Nandakumar V, Geetha V, Chittaranjan S, Doble M (2013) High glycolic poly (DL lactic co glycolic acid) nanoparticles for controlled release of meropenem. Biomed Pharmacother 67:431–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2013.02.004
Parisi OI, Scrivano L, Sinicropi MS, Puoci F (2017) Polymeric nanoparticle constructs as devices for antibacterial therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 36:72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.004
Paul DR (2011) Elaborations on the Higuchi model for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 418:13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.037
Posadowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E (2015) Gentamicin loaded PLGA nanoparticles as local drug delivery system for the osteomyelitis treatment. Acta Bioeng Biomech 17(3):41–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5604-2
Rao JP, Geckeler KE (2011) Polymer nanoparticles: preparation techniques and size-control parameters. Prog Polym Sci 36:887–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.001
Sabaeifard P, Abdi-Ali A, Soudi MR, Gamazo C, Irache JM (2016) Amikacin loaded PLGA nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Pharm Sci 93:392–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.049
Silva ISM, Santos RFP, Melo TVC, Silva AJC, Sarmento PA, Lúcio IML, Campesatto EA, Padilha FF, Conserva LM, Bastos MLA (2014) In vitro biological potential of Guanxuma-of-horn [Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Mull. Arg.] in infection control. J Chem Pharm Res 6(4):663–669
Tomaszewska E, Soliwoda K, Kadziola K, Tkacz-Szczesna B, Celichowski G, Cichomski M, Szmaja W, Grobelny J (2013) Detection limits of DLS and UV-vis spectroscopy in characterization of Polydisperse nanoparticles colloids. J Nanomater 2013:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/313081
Venkatesh DN, Baskaran M, Karri VVSR, Mannemala SS, Radhakrishna K, Goti S (2015) Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of Nelfinavir loaded PLGA nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Saudi Pharm J 23(6):667–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.021
World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/global-priority-list-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/en/. Accessed 10 December 2017
Yameen B, Choi WI, Vilos C, Swami A, Shi J, Farokhzad OC (2014) Insight into nanoparticle cellular uptake and intracellular targeting. J Control Release 190:485–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.038
Zaidi S, Misba L, Khan AU (2017) Nano-therapeutics: a revolution in infection control in post antibiotic era. Nanomedicine 13(7):2281–2301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.015
Zakeri-Milani P, Loveymi BD, Jelvehgari M, Valizadeh H (2013) The characteristics and improved intestinal permeability of vancomycin PLGA-nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 103:174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.021
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have also confirmed that this article is unique and not under consideration or published in any other publication, and that they have permission from rights holders to reproduce any copyrighted material. Any disclosures are made in this section. The external blind peer reviewers report no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gaspar, L.M.d.A.C., Dórea, A.C.S., Droppa-Almeida, D. et al. Development and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles containing antibiotics. J Nanopart Res 20, 289 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4387-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4387-z