Abstract
Our group has synthesized Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocomposites as magnetic/fluorescence imaging successfully in the previous study, which exhibit good uniformity and monodispersibility with a mean size of 7.4 nm. However, their systematic risk assessment remains unknown. In this article, the in vitro biocompatibility of the Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ was assessed on the basis of cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo immunotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring the product of reactive oxygen species (ROS), clusters of differentiation (CD) markers, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Balb/c mice. No significant differences were found in cell viability, apoptosis, and immunotoxicity between our Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ and gadodiamide which are used commonly in clinical. Few nanoprobes were localized in the phagosomes of the liver, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, brain, and tumor under the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In addition, our products reveal good T1-weighted contrast enhancement of xenografted murine tumor. Therefore, the above results may contribute to the effective application of Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ as molecular imaging contrast agents and dual-modal nanoprobes for cancer detection.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB931700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.81471787, 61471401, 81471711, 81271622, and 11274394), the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 81401462), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China (No.2014A030311036), and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-Sen Unversity) (No.OEMT-2015-KF-03).
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Long Huang and Xiumei Tian have contributed equally to this work.
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Huang, L., Tian, X., Liu, J. et al. The risk assessment of Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocomposites as dual-modal nanoprobes for magnetic and fluorescence imaging. J Nanopart Res 19, 58 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-3744-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-3744-7