Abstract
In this article, comprehensive combination of photomodulated optical spectroscopy (PR) and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) is carried out to investigate the electronic energy levels and carrier dynamics in nanometers’ size InAs quantum dots (QDs) in different surrounding material. Depending on the temperature range, the integrated PL intensity as a function of temperature, correlated to a rate equation model reveals two thermal escape channels for the InAs QDs in a pure GaAs matrix and three thermal escape channels for InAs/InGaAs dots-in-a-well structure. The extraction of the electronic energy levels by room temperature PR allow analyzing the impact of the surrounding material composition on the thermal activation energies and resulting PL quenching process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bimberg D (2005) Quantum dots for lasers, amplifiers and computing. J Phys D 38:2055–2058
Chen R, Liu HY, Sun HD (2010) Electronic energy levels and carrier dynamics in InAs/InGaAs dots-in-a-well structure investigated by optical spectroscopy. J Appl Phys 107:013513–013517
Chouaib H, Chauvin N, Bru-Chevallier C, Monat C, Regreny P, Gendry M (2006) Photoreflectance spectroscopy of self-organized InAs/InP(0 0 1) quantum sticks emitting at 1.55 μm. Appl Surf Sci 253:90–94
Guffarth F, Heitz R, Schliwa A, Stier O, Ledentsov NN, Kovsh AR, Ustinov VM, Bimberg D (2001) Strain engineering of self-organized InAs quantum dots. Phys Rev B 64:085305–085311
Hjiri M, Hassen F, Maaref H (2000) Optical characterization of self organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by MBE. Mater Sci Eng B 74:253–258
Ilahi B, Sfaxi L, Hassen F, Maaref H, Salem B, Guillot G, Jbeli A, Marie X (2005) Optical properties of 1.3 μm room temperature emitting InAs quantum dots covered by In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs hetero-capping layer. Appl Phys A 81:813–816
Ilahi B, Sfaxi L, Maaref H (2007) Optical investigation of InGaAs-capped InAs quantum dots: Impact of the strain-driven phase separation and dependence upon post-growth thermal treatment. J Lumin 27:741–746
Kong L, Wu Z, Feng ZC, Ferguson IT (2007) Photoluminescence characteristics of InAs self-assembled quantum dots in InGaAs/GaAs quantum well. J Appl Phys 101:126101–126103
Lipsanen H, Sopanen M, Ahopelto J (1995) Luminescence from excited states in strain-induced InxGa1-xAs quantum dots. Phys Rev B 51:13868–13871
Lobo C, Leon R, Marcinkevicius S, Yang W, Sercel PC, Liao XZ, Zou J, Cockayne DJH (1999) Inhibited carrier transfer in ensembles of isolated quantum dots. Phys Rev B 60:16647–16651
Maximov MV, Tsatsul’nikov AF, Volovik BV, Sizov DS, Shernyakov YM, Kaiander IN, Zhukov AE, Kovsh AR, Mikhrin SS, Ustinov VM, Alferov ZhI, Heitz R, Shchukin VA, Ledentsov NN, Bimberg D, Musikhin YuG, Neumann W (2000) Tuning quantum dot properties by activated phase separation of an InGa(Al)as alloy grown on InAs stressors. Phys Rev B 62:16671–16680
Popescu DP, Eliseev PG, Stintz A, Malloy KJ (2004) Temperature dependence of the photoluminescence emission from InAs quantum dots in a strained Ga0.85In0.15As quantum well. Semicond Sci Technol 19:33–38
See AM, Klochan O, Hamilton AR, Micolich AP, Aagesen M, Lindelof PE (2010) AlGaAs/GaAs single electron transistor fabricated without modulation doping. Appl Phys Lett 96:112104–112106
Sek G, Poloczek P, Ryczko K, Misiewicz J, Löffler A, Reithmaier JP, Forchel A (2006) Photoreflectance determination of the wetting layer thickness in the In x Ga1−x As/GaAs quantum dot system for a broad indium content range of 0.3–1. J Appl Phys 100:103529–103533
Sek G, Ryczko K, Motyka M, Andrzejewski J, Wysocka K, Misiewicz J, Li LH, Fiore A, Patriarche G (2007) Wetting layer states of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot structures: effect of intermixing and capping layer. J Appl Phys 101:063539–063545
Sellers IR, Mowbray DJ, Badcock TJ, Wells JPR, Phillips PJ, Carderd DA, Liu HY, Groom KM, Hopkinson M (2006) Infrared modulated interlevel spectroscopy of 1.3 μm self-assembled quantum dot lasers using a free electron laser. Appl Phys Lett 88:081108–081110
Torchynska TV, Espinola JL, Borkovska LV, Ostapenko S, Dybiec M, Polupan O, Korsunska NO, Stintz A, Eliseev PG, Malloy KJ (2007) Thermal activation of excitons in asymmetric InAs dots-in-a-well In x Ga1−x As/GaAs structures. J Appl Phys 101:024323–024331
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hadj Alouane, M.H., Ilahi, B., Sfaxi, L. et al. InAs quantum dots on different Ga(In)As surrounding material investigated by photoreflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy: electronic energy levels and carrier’s dynamic. J Nanopart Res 13, 5809–5813 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0349-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0349-4