Abstract
The Internet of things (IoT) has received a great deal of attention in recent years, and is still being approached with a wide range of views. At the same time, video data now accounts for over half of the internet traffic. With the current availability of beyond high definition, it is worth understanding the performance effects, especially for real-time applications. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) aims to provide reduction in bandwidth utilisation while maintaining perceived video quality in comparison with its predecessor codecs. Its adoption aims to provide for areas such as television broadcast, multimedia streaming/storage, and mobile communications with significant improvements. Although there have been attempts at HEVC streaming, the literature/implementations offered do not take into consideration changes in the HEVC specifications. Beyond this point, it seems little research exists on real-time HEVC coded content live streaming. Our contribution fills this current gap in enabling compliant and real-time networked HEVC visual applications. This is done implementing a technique for real-time HEVC encapsulation in MPEG-2 Transmission Stream (MPEG-2 TS) and HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), thereby removing the need for multi-platform clients to receive and decode HEVC streams. It is taken further by evaluating the transmission of 4k UHDTV HEVC-coded content in a typical wireless environment using both computers and mobile devices, while considering well-known factors such as obstruction, interference and other unseen factors that affect the network performance and video quality. Our results suggest that 4kUHD can be streamed at 13.5 Mb/s, and can be delivered to multiple devices without loss in perceived quality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adeyemi-Ejeye A (2014) Hevc mpeg ts definition in mpeg ts header. https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pull/60/files
Adeyemi-Ejeye A (2014) Hevc mpeg ts: Allowing hevc video using ts stream type 0x24. https://github.com/olugbone/FFmpeg/commit/071069b29109ab726daac9e4
Adeyemi-Ejeye AO, Walker S (2013) Ultra-high definition wireless video transmission using h. 264 over 802.11 n wlan: Challenges and performance evaluation. In: 12th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). IEEE, pp 109–114
Adeyemi-Ejeye AO, Walker S (2014) 4kuhd h264 wireless live video streaming using cuda. J Electr Comput Eng 2014:2
Adhikari VK, Jain S, Chen Y, Zhang Z-L (2012) Vivisecting youtube: An active measurement study. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. IEEE, pp 2521–2525
Apple (2014) Airport extreme 802.11ac, https://www.apple.com/uk/airport-extreme/specs/
Bellard F, Niedermayer M et al (2012) Ffmpeg, http://ffmpeg.org
Bing B (2010) 3D and HD broadband video networking. Artech House
BlackMagic-Design (2006) Decklink 4k extreme
BlackMagic-Design (2011) Blackmagic devices tools
Blender-Foundation (2011) Sintel 4k
Bross B, Han W-J, Ohm J-R, Sullivan GJ, Wiegand T (2012) High efficiency video coding (hevc) text specification draft 8, JCTVC-J1003
Buitenhuis D (2014) Libx265 encoder. http://anzwix.com/a/Libav/AddLibx265Encoder
Cisco I (2011) Cisco visual networking index: Forecast and methodology. CISCO White Paper 2016:2011–2016
Coding HHEV (2011) Text specification draft 6, JCTVC-H1003
Clift L, Adeyemi-Ejeye AO, Koczian G, Walker S, Clark A (2014) Delivering live 4k broadcasting using today’s technology, International Broadcast Convention
Combs G et al (2007) Wireshark, Webpage: http://www.wireshark.org/lastmodified, pp 12–02
Ejeye AO, Walker S (2012) Uncompressed quad-1080p wireless video streaming. In: 4th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC)
Elemental (2013) 4k test sequences
Fujii T, Kitamura M, Murooka T, Shirai D, Takahara A (2009) 4k & 2k multiresolution video communication with 60 fps over ip networks using jpeg2000. In: ISPACS 2009. International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems. IEEE, pp 167–170
Guo J, Wong EW, Chan S, Taylor P, Zukerman M, Tang K-S (2008) Performance analysis of resource selection schemes for a large scale video-on-demand system. IEEE Trans Multimed 10(1):153–159
Halák J, Krsek M, Ubik S, žejdl P, Nevřela F (2011) Real-time long-distance transfer of uncompressed 4k video for remote collaboration. Fut Gener Comput Syst 27(7):886–892
Hamidouche W, Cocherel G, Le Feuvre J, Raulet M, Deforges O (2014) 4k real time video streaming with shvc decoder and gpac player. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, pp 1–2
ITUT (2011) Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services(itu-t rec. h. 264—iso/iec 14496-10:2011 avc), Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, JVTG050
ITUT (2014) High efficiency video coding(10/2014). ITU-T H 265
ITU-T/ISO/IEC (2012) H.222.0 : Information technology - generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information. ITU-T/ISO/IEC 265
ITU-T/ISO/IEC (2014) H.222.0 : Recommendation h.222.0 (10/14). ITU-T/ISO/IEC 265
ISO/IEC/23009-1:2014 (2012) Information technology-dynamic adaptive streaming over http (dash)-part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats. ISO/IEC MPEG, Technical Report
Installations T, Line L (1999) Subjective video quality assessment methods for multimedia applications. Networks 910:37
Irondi I, Wang Q, Grecos C (2014) Empirical evaluation of h. 265/hevc-based dynamic adaptive video streaming over http (hevc-dash). In: SPIE Photonics Europe. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 91390L–91390L
Irondi I, Wang Q, Grecos C (2015) Subjective evaluation of h. 265/hevc based dynamic adaptive video streaming over http (hevc-dash). In: IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 94000B–94000B
Kitamura M, Shirai D, Kaneko K, Murooka T, Sawabe T, Fujii T, Takahara A (2011) Beyond 4k: 8k 60p live video streaming to multiple sites. Fut Gener Comput Syst 27(7):952–959
Le Feuvre J, Concolato C, Moissinac J-C (2007) Gpac: open source multimedia framework. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia. ACM, pp 1009–1012
Leppkes H (2014) Lav filters 0.62. https://github.com/Nevcairiel/LAVFilters/releases/tag/0.62
ManageEngine (2014) Free wifi monitor plus android app, http://www.manageengine.com/wifi-monitor-plus-android-app/free-wi-monitor-plus-android-index.html
Margolis T, Brown S, Cornish T, Bracho H, Stanton M, De Brito Carvalho TCM, Redigolo FF, De Castro FC, Kaneko K, De Almeida J et al (2011) Tri-continental premiere of 4k feature movie via network streaming at file 2009. Fut Gener Comput Syst 27(7):924–934
Matsuura N Wireless lan device and controlling method thereof, 2014. US Patent 8,724,476
Microsoft (2014). Microsoft windows operating system, http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/home
Nakasu E (2012) Super hi-vision on the horizon: a future tv system that conveys an enhanced sense of reality and presence. IEEE Consum Electron Mag 1(2):36–42
Nightingale J, Wang Q, Grecos C (2012) Hevstream: a framework for streaming and evaluation of high efficiency video coding (hevc) content in loss-prone networks. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 58(2):404–412
Netgear (2013) A6200 802.11ac wifi usb adapter
Ohm J-R, Sullivan GJ, Schwarz H, Tan TK, Wiegand T (2012) Comparison of the coding efficiency of video coding standards including high efficiency video coding (hevc). IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 22(12):1669–1684
Ozer J (2014) Dash vs. hls: Request for comments
Oztas B, Pourazad MT, Nasiopoulos P, Sodagar I, Leung V (2014) A rate adaptation approach for streaming multiview plus depth content. In: 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC). IEEE, pp 1006–1010
Pantos R, May W (2010) Http live streaming. Ietf Draft
Plissonneau L, Biersack E (2012) A longitudinal view of http video streaming performance. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Multimedia Systems Conference. ACM, pp 203–214
Rao A, Legout A, Lim Y-S, Towsley D, Barakat C, Dabbous W (2011) Network characteristics of video streaming traffic. In: Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. ACM, p 25
Schierl T, Hannuksela MM, Wang Y-K, Wenger S (2012) System layer integration of high efficiency video coding. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 22 (12):1871–1884
Shimizu T, Shirai D, Takahashi H, Murooka T, Obana K, Tonomura Y, Inoue T, Yamaguchi T, Fujii T, Ohta N et al (2006) International real-time streaming of 4k digital cinema. Fut Gener Comput Syst 22(8):929–939
Shirai D, Yamaguchi T, Shimizu T, Murooka T, Fujii T (2006) 4k shd real-time video streaming system with jpeg 2000 parallel codec. In: APCCAS 2006. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, pp 1855–1858
Sony (2011) Sony fdr-ax1 4k professional handycam
Sullivan GJ, Ohm J-R, Han W-J, Wiegand T (2012) Overview of the high efficiency video coding (hevc) standard. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 22 (12):1649–1668
Totusoft (2013) Lan speed test (lite) v1.3
Wang Q, Nightingale J, Alcaraz-Calero JM, Luo C, Pervez Z, Wang X, Grecos C (2015) H. 265 video streaming in mobile cloud networks, p 238
Zinner T, Hohlfeld O, Abboud O, Hohlfeld T (2010) Impact of frame rate and resolution on objective qoe metrics. In: Second International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, pp 29–34
3GPPTS26.247-V11.2.0 (2013) Technical speci cation - 3rd generation partnership project; technical speci cation group services and system aspects, Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS); Progressive Download and Dynamic AdaptiveStreaming over HTTP (3GP-DASH)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adeyemi-Ejeye, A., Alreshoodi, M. & Walker, S.D. Implementation of 4kUHD HEVC-content transmission. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 18099–18118 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3807-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3807-2