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Synthetic auxin herbicide 2,4-D and its influence on a model BY-2 suspension

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Abstract

2,4-D is a broadly used auxin herbicide. The presence of the 2,4-D synthetic auxin in the medium is imperative for long-term BY-2 tobacco suspension viability. The precise mechanism of this symbiosis of the suspension and the synthetic auxin remains unclear. Our goal was to study the hormonal regulation of the growth of the cell suspension; and to describe the experiments clarifying the interaction between the chosen growth regulators and phytohormones on the cellular level, specifically between the 2,4-D synthetic auxin and the native stress phytohormone — ethylene. This study examined the influence of low 2,4-D concentrations stimulating cell growth in vitro as well as the influence of high herbicide concentrations on the model tobacco BY-2 suspension. The culture took 6 days. Different parameters were evaluated, including the influence of different 2,4-D concentrations on the production of the phytohormone ethylene and its precursor 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the tobacco cells. The content of 2,4-D in the cells and the medium was established. The observations of the morphological changes showed that a heavy impregnation of the cell walls taking place depending on the concentration of 2,4-D. A dramatic increase in protective polysaccharides and a remodulation of the cell walls by the formation of a pectin shield in artificial conditions were expected and observed. At the same time, massive production of the stress phytohormone ethylene took place, and, because of that, plant mutagenicity, anomalous tumour-type proliferation growth, and the production of supercells were observed. The hypothesis of the protective shield is discussed.

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Data Availability Statement: No Data associated in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr Lenka Grycová for the valuable discussion and also for the opportunity to use the equipment belonging to the Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Agronomy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic

    Katerina Muselikova

  2. Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno, Czech Republic

    Katerina Mouralova

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  1. Katerina Muselikova
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Katerina Muselikova: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation. Katerina Mouralova: Writing- Original draft preparation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Katerina Mouralova.

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Muselikova, K., Mouralova, K. Synthetic auxin herbicide 2,4-D and its influence on a model BY-2 suspension. Mol Biol Rep 51, 444 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09392-x

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