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Salivary exosomes: properties, medical applications, and isolation methods

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Abstract

Salivary exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with abundant CD63 immunoreactivity on their surface. Based on their size and protein composition, these exosomes can be categorized into two classes of exosomes I (mean diameter of 83.5 nm) and II (mean diameter of 40.5 nm). We have attempted to review the features of these exosomes, including origin, composition, separation methods, and their application in medicine. Not only the composition of salivary exosomes is invaluable in term of diagnosis, but can also afford an understanding in roles of the contents and components of these exosomes in the fundamental pathophysiologic processes of different diseases. since these EVs can cross the epithelial barriers they may be essential for transporting of multifarious components from the blood into saliva. Thus, in comparison to other bodily fluids, salivary exosomes are probably a better and accessible tool to examine the function of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

EV:

Extracellular vesicle

EM:

Electron microscopy

MVB:

Multivesicular body

ESCRT:

Endosomal sorting complexes required to transport

ILV:

Intraluminal vesicle

ncRNA:

Non-coding RNA

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

ssDNA:

Single-strand DNA

RAB:

Ras associated binding protein

ARF:

ADP ribosylation factor

TSG101:

Tumor susceptibility gene 101

HSP70:

Heat shock protein

DRPLA:

Dentatorubro pallidoluysian atrophy

pIgR:

Polymeric Ig receptor

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad to provide this wonderful opportunity and good facilities to carry out this study.

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  1. Faculty of Dentistry, Boroujerd Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran

    Behzad Cheshmi

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran

    Hamid Cheshomi

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  1. Behzad Cheshmi
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BC contributed substantially to the conception and design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation. HC provided critical revision of the article and Provided final approval of the version to publish. HC as a corresponding author verifies that all individuals who made contributions to this study are included either as authors or are acknowledged at the end of the paper.

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Cheshmi, B., Cheshomi, H. Salivary exosomes: properties, medical applications, and isolation methods. Mol Biol Rep 47, 6295–6307 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05659-1

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