Abstract
Shoot architecture refers to the three-dimensional body plan of the above ground organs of the plant. The patterning of this body plan results from the tight genetic control of the size and maintenance of meristems, the initiation of axillary growth, and the timing of developmental phase transition. Variation in shoot architecture can result in dramatic differences in plant productivity and/or grain yield due to their effects on light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, response to agronomic inputs, and environmental adaptation. The fine-tuning of shoot architecture has consequently been of great interest to plant breeders, driving the need for deeper understanding of the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these traits. In soybean, the world’s most important oil and protein crop, major components of shoot architecture include stem growth habit, plant height, branch angle, branch number, leaf petiole angle, and the size and shape of leaves. Key genes underlying some of these traits have been identified to integrate hormonal, developmental, and environmental signals modulating the growth and orientation of shoot organs. Here we summarize the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of the genetic control of these important architectural traits in soybean.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Weidong Wang for providing the leaf pictures and critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by grants (2018-67013-27425, 2021-67013-33722, and 2022-67013-37037) funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Funding
This work was supported by grants (2018-67013-27425, 2021-67013-33722, and 2022-67013-37037) funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
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Jianxin Ma and Chancelor B. Clark conceived of the content and structure for the article. Chancelor B. Clark performed the literature search, compiled the data, and wrote the manuscript with input from Jianxin Ma.
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Clark, C.B., Ma, J. The genetic basis of shoot architecture in soybean. Mol Breeding 43, 55 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-023-01391-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-023-01391-3