Abstract
Founder wheat lines have played key role in Chinese wheat improvement. Wheat-Dasypyrum villosum translocation T6VS·6AL has been widely used in wheat breeding in recent years due to its high level of powdery mildew resistance and other beneficial genes. Reference oligo-nucleotide multiplex probe (ONMP)–FISH karyotypes of six T6VS·6AL donor lines were developed and used for characterizing 32 derivative cultivars and lines. T6VS·6AL was present in 27 cultivar/lines with 20 from southern China. Next, ONMP–FISH was used to study chromosome constitution of randomly collected wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from southern and northern regions of China: 123 lines from the regional test plots of southern China and 110 from northern China. In southern China, T6VS·6AL (35.8%) was the most predominant variation, while T1RS·1BL (27.3%) was the most predominant in northern China. The pericentric inversion perInv 6B derived from its founder wheat Funo and Abbondaza was the second most predominant chromosome variant in both regions. Other chromosome variants were present in very low frequencies. Additionally, 167 polymorphic chromosome types were identified. Based on these variations, 271 cultivars and lines were clustered into three groups, including southern, northern, and mixed groups that contained wheat from both regions. Different dominant chromosome variations were seen, indicating chromosome differentiation in the three groups of wheat. The clearly identified wheat lines with T6VS·6AL in different backgrounds and oligonucleotide probe set will facilitate their utilization in wheat breeding and in identifying other beneficial traits that may be linked to this translocation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. B. S. Gill, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, USA, for kind review and editing of the English, and Mr. Yang Yang, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, China for kind help in data analysis.
Funding
This project was supported by Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Programs of Jiangsu Province KYCX18_0652 and SJCX19_0117, Jiangsu Key Research Program for Modern Agriculture (BE2018350), and Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation fund (CX(19)1001). Bioinformatics analyses were supported by the Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
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Project design: ZQ, PC, XY, and TB; Experimental work: NW, YL, DP, HW, XL, JF, JG, JZ, JG, AL, and BZ; Data analysis: NW, YL, DP, HW, JZ, JG, AL, ZQ, XY, and TB; Writing manuscript: NW, YL, DP, HW, ZQ, XY, and TB. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.
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Supplementary Information
Table S1
Wheat accessions used in this study. (XLSX 21.4 kb)
Table S2
92R series and their derived cultivars (lines) used in production and breeding. (DOCX 19 kb)
Table S3
Number of wheat cultivars/lines with different polymorphic chromosome blocks in the three groups of wheat. (XLSX 42 kb)
Table S4
The CPIC data of total wheat and the three groups. (XLSX 14 kb)
Fig. S1
PCR analysis of 6 VS specific markers XCINAU 272 (a) and XCINAU 275 (b) analysis in DA6V, del6VL, and 21 wheat accessions M: DL2000; 1: Chinese Spring; 2: Dasypyrum villosum; 3: Durum wheat-D. villosum amphiploid; 4: DA6V; 5: DSdel6VL(6A); 6–7: X249-X250; 8–10: X252-X254; 11–16: X258-X263; 17: X265; 18–20: X268-X270; 21: X275; 22–24:X277-X279; 25–26: X286-X287; Arrows indicate specific loci of 6VS chromosome. (PNG 2738 kb)
Fig. S2
Karyotypes of 32 92R series derivatives after ONMP FISH. (PNG 1760 kb)
Fig. S3
Karyotypes of 24 newly developed wheat lines from regional yield trials of the winter wheat zone in MLYRV after ONMP FISH. (PNG 1753 kb)
Fig. S4
Karyotypes of 29 newly developed wheat lines from regional yield trials of the winter wheat zone in SHRV after ONMP FISH. (PNG 3219 kb)
Fig. S5
Karyotypes of 32 newly developed wheat lines from preliminary yield trials of the winter wheat zone in MLYRV after ONMP FISH. (PNG 2050 kb)
Fig. S6
Karyotypes of 38 newly developed wheat lines from preliminary yield trials of the winter wheat zone in SHRV after ONMP FISH. (PNG 2485 kb)
Fig. S7
Karyotypes of 44 newly developed wheat lines from regional yield trials of the winter wheat zone in northern Yellow-Huai River Valleys after ONMP FISH. (PNG 2382 kb)
Fig. S8
Karyotypes of 66 cultivars/lines from Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, and Henan Provinces in northern China after ONMP FISH. (PNG 5243 kb)
Fig. S9
Polymorphic chromosome blocks and their frequencies occurred in 271 wheat cutivars/lines. The chromosome type numbers in yellow were newly identified in this study, the number in white was based on Huang et al. (2018). (PNG 763 kb)
Fig. S10
The mean CPIC of A-genome, B-genome, D-genome, and total chromosomes for three group wheat cultivars/lines. (PNG 173 kb)
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Wu, N., Lei, Y., Pei, D. et al. Predominant wheat-alien chromosome translocations in newly developed wheat of China. Mol Breeding 41, 30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01206-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01206-3