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Hd1 function conversion in regulating heading is dependent on gene combinations of Ghd7, Ghd8, and Ghd7.1 under long-day conditions in rice

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Abstract

Ghd7, Ghd8, Ghd7.1, and Hd1 are all pleiotropic genes regulating heading date, plant height, and yield in rice. Early studies showed that Hd1 promoted heading under short-day conditions (SD) and delayed heading under long-day conditions (LD). Recent studies found that Hd1 also promoted heading in some genetic backgrounds under LD. In this study, we developed a series of near-isogenic lines for Ghd7, Ghd8, Ghd7.1, and Hd1 in the Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Minghui 63 (MH63) backgrounds and recorded their heading dates. In the ZS97 background, Ghd7 alone triggered the conversion of Hd1 function from promoting to suppressing heading under LD. Ghd8 alone and Ghd7.1 alone did not promote but enhanced Ghd7-mediated Hd1 function conversion. In the MH63 background, Ghd7 alone and Ghd7.1 alone did not convert Hd1 function under LD, but they jointly promoted Hd1 function conversion. Conversion of Hd1 function occurred only under LD but not SD. Transcript analysis showed that downregulation or upregulation of Ehd1 and Hd3a by Hd1 in the lines under LD was determined by genetic background. In summary, multiple gene combinations of Ghd7, Ghd7.1, and Ghd8 and unknown genes caused conversion of Hd1 function. Moreover, the different gene combinations had a big difference in photoperiod sensitivities. These findings lay a solid foundation for further unveiling the molecular mechanism of Hd1 function conversion and provide guidance for heading date improvement in rice.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to appreciate Mr. Jianbo Wang for his excellent management of paddy field.

Funding

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601283, 31701054) and the Applied Basis Research Foundation of Wuhan City (2016020101010090).

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Author notes

  1. Zhanyi Zhang and Bo Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Zhanyi Zhang, Bo Zhang, Feixiang Qi, Hong Wu & Yongzhong Xing

  2. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China

    Zhixin Li

  3. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China

    Yongzhong Xing

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  1. Zhanyi Zhang
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  2. Bo Zhang
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  4. Hong Wu
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  5. Zhixin Li
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  6. Yongzhong Xing
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Contributions

ZYZ and BZ are equal contributors. ZYZ and BZ performed the construction of NILs, data collection and analysis, field experiments, and gene expression detection. FXQ and HW contributed to QTLs genotyping. ZXL and YZX designed the research. ZYZ, BZ, and YZX wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yongzhong Xing.

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Zhang, Z., Zhang, B., Qi, F. et al. Hd1 function conversion in regulating heading is dependent on gene combinations of Ghd7, Ghd8, and Ghd7.1 under long-day conditions in rice. Mol Breeding 39, 92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-019-1001-8

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