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Fostering coastal resilience to climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay: a cross-country comparison

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Abstract

This paper describes a comparative study of four different cases on vulnerability, hazards and adaptive capacity to climate threats in coastal areas and communities in four developing countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay. Coastal areas are vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR), storm surges and flooding due to their (i) exposure, (ii) concentration of settlements, many of which occupied by less advantaged groups and (iii) the concentration of assets and services seen in these areas. The objective of the paper is twofold: (i) to evaluate current evidence of coastal vulnerability and adaptive capacity and (ii) to compare adaptation strategies being implemented in a sample of developing countries, focusing on successful ones. The followed approach for the case evaluation is based on (i) documenting observed threats and damages, (ii) using indicators of physical and socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptive capacity status and (iii) selecting examples of successful responses. Major conclusions based on cross-case comparison are (a) the studied countries show different vulnerability, adaptive capacity and implementation of responses, (b) innovative community-based (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and (c) early warning systems are key approaches and tools to foster climate resilience. A recommendation to foster the resilience of coastal communities and services is that efforts in innovative adaptation strategies to sea-level rise should be intensified and integrated with climate risk management within the national adaption plans (NAPAs) in order to reduce the impacts of hazards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Demography Department, University of Campinas, Rua Cora Coralina s/no., Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, SP, 13083-896, Brazil

    Francine Modesto

  3. Environmental Change and Coastal-Marine Management Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Gustavo J. Nagy

  4. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh

    Mustafa Saroar

  5. Department of Environmental Science and Technology-Disaster Management Institute, Ardhi University, P.O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Nsani YannickToamukum

  6. Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

    Michael Ha’apio

Authors
  1. Walter Leal Filho
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  2. Francine Modesto
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  3. Gustavo J. Nagy
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  4. Mustafa Saroar
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  5. Nsani YannickToamukum
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  6. Michael Ha’apio
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gustavo J. Nagy.

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Leal Filho, W., Modesto, F., Nagy, G.J. et al. Fostering coastal resilience to climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay: a cross-country comparison. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 23, 579–602 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9750-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9750-3

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