Abstract
I propose a semi-eliminative reduction of Fodor’s concept of module to the concept of attractor basin which is used in Cognitive Dynamic Systems Theory (DST). I show how attractor basins perform the same explanatory function as modules in several DST based research program. Attractor basins in some organic dynamic systems have even been able to perform cognitive functions which are equivalent to the If/Then/Else loop in the computer language LISP. I suggest directions for future research programs which could find similar equivalencies between organic dynamic systems and other cognitive functions. This type of research could help us discover how (and/or if) it is possible to use Dynamic Systems Theory to more accurately model the cognitive functions that are now being modeled by subroutines in Symbolic AI computer models. If such a reduction of subroutines to basins of attraction is possible, it could free AI from the limitations that prompted Fodor to say that it was impossible to model certain higher level cognitive functions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bechtel, W. (1998), ‘Representations and Cognitive Explanations: Assessing the Dynamicist Challenge in Cognitive Science’, Cognitive Science 22, pp. 295–318. Also available at http: //www.artsci.wustl.edu/ ~bill / REPRESENT.html.
J. Bickle (1998) Psychoneural Reduction: the New Wave MIT Press Cambridge MA
P. Churchland (1989) A Neurocomputational Perspective MIT Press Cambridge MA
Clark, P. (1999), ‘ Startup Implements Silicon Neural: Net in Learning Processor’ in EE Times. Also available at <http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG19990914S0033>.
D. Dennett (1991) Consciousness Explained MIT Press Cambridge, MA
H.L. Dreyfus (1972) What Computers Still Can’t Do. MIT Press Cambridge, MA
Dreyfus H.L. (1996), ‘The Current Relevance of Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Embodiment’.http://hci.stanford.edu/cs378/reading/dreyfusembodiment.htm.
Dewey (1896), ‘The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology’. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Dewey/reflex.htm.
Eliasmith, C. (1996). ‘The Third Contender: A Critical Examination of the Dynamicist Theory of Cognition’, Philosophical Psychology. ‘9 (4), pp. 441–463. Reprinted in P. Thagard (ed) (1998), Mind Readings: Introductory Selections in Cognitive Science. MIT Press.
S. Finger (Eds) (1978) Recovery from Brain Damage Plenum Press New York
J. Fodor (1983) The Modularity of Mind MIT Press Cambridge, MA
Fodor, J. (1985) ‘Précis of The Modularity of Mind ’ published in Minds Brains and Computers (2000) Edited by Cummins and Cummins. Blackwell Publishers. London, first published in Behavior and Brain Sciences, 8, 1985.
Fodor, J. and Pylyshyn Z. (1988), ‘Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical Analysis’, in Haugeland 1997.
W. Freeman (2000) How Brains Make up their Minds Columbia University Press New York
J. Haugeland (Eds) (1985) Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea MIT Press Cambridge, MA
J. Haugeland (Eds) (1997) Mind Design II MIT Press Cambridge,MA
E. Kandel J. Schwartz T. Jessel (2000) Principles of Neuroscience Mc Graw-Hill/Appleton & Lange New York, NY
Kelso J.A. Scott (1995) Dynamic Patterns MIT Press Cambridge, MA
Laurence and Stein (1978) ‘Recovery after Brain Damage and the Concept of Localization of Function’, in Finger (1978).
MacKay, W.A. (1980) ‘The Motor Program: Back to the Computer’, in Trends in Neurosciences – April 1980, pp. 97–100.
McCarthy, J. (1960), Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I Communications of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery), April.
Minsky (1985), ‘The Society of Mind’. New York, Simon and Schuster.
R.F. Port T. Van Gelder (Eds) (1995) Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition MIT Press Cambridge, MA
Stich Ramsey Garon (1991) ‘Connectionism, Eliminativism and the Future of Folk Psychology’ S. Stich D. Rumelhart W. Ramsey (Eds) Philosophy and Connectionist Theory Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, NJ.
Rockwell, W. T. (1995), ‘Can Reductionism be Eliminated?’, presented at the American Philosophy Association Meeting (Pacific division) in San Francisco (with commentary by John Bickle). rewritten as ‘Beyond Eliminative Materialism’, http://www.california.com/ ~mcmf /beyondem.html.
D.J. Stehouwer P.B. Farel (1983) ArticleTitle‘Development of Hindlimb Locomotor Activity in the Bullfrog’. Development Psychobiology 17 217–232 Occurrence Handle10.1002/dev.420170303
R.C. Taylor (1978) ArticleTitle‘Why Change Gaits? Recruitment of Muscles and Muscle Fibers as a Function of Speed and Gait’ American Zoologist 18 153–161
E. Thelen L. Smith (1994) ‘A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action’ MIT Press Cambridge, MA
W.R. Uttal (2001) The New Phrenology MIT Press Cambridge, MA
T. Van Gelder (1991) ‘What is the ‘D’ in ‘PDP’? An Overview of the Concept of Distribution’ S. Stich D. Rumelhart W. Ramsey (Eds) Philosophy and Connectionist Theory Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, NJ.
Van Gelder, T. (1995) ‘What Might Cognition Be If Not Computation?’ Journal of Philosophy 92, 345–381. Reprinted as: The Dynamical Alternative, in Johnson, D. & Erneling, C, eds., Reassessing the Cognitive Revolution: Alternative Futures. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1996.
Van Gelder, T. (1996), “The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science” and “Authors Response” Behavior and Brain Sciences.
S.J. Watson A. Beckoff (1990) ArticleTitle‘A Kinematic Analysis of Hindlimb Mobility in 9- and 10-day Old Chick Embryos’. Journal of Neurobiology 21 651–660 Occurrence Handle10.1002/neu.480210412
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rockwell, T. Attractor Spaces as Modules: A Semi-Eliminative Reduction of Symbolic AI to Dynamic Systems Theory. Mind Mach 15, 23–55 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-004-1344-7
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-004-1344-7