Abstract
The brain requires a large amount of energy. Its function can be altered when energy demand exceeds supply or during metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, a chronic disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by high glucose levels (hyperglycemia); however, hypoglycemic states may also occur due to insulin treatment or poor control of the disease. These alterations in glucose levels affect the brain and could cause epileptic seizures and status epilepticus. In addition, it is known that oxidative stress states emerge as diabetes progresses, contributing to the development of diseases secondary to diabetes, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular alterations, and alterations in the central nervous system, such as epileptic seizures. Seizures are a complex of transient signs and symptoms resulting from abnormal, simultaneous, and excessive activity of a population of neurons, and they can be both a cause and a consequence of oxidative stress. This review aims to outline studies linking diabetes mellitus and seizures to oxidative stress, a condition that may be relevant to the development of severe seizures in diabetes mellitus patients.
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This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología from Mexico through a scholarship provided to KPRR (893823).
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María-Leonor López-Meraz and Francisca Pérez-Severiano contributed to the review conception and design, and material preparation. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Karen-Paola Ramos-Riera. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ramos-Riera, K.P., Pérez-Severiano, F. & López-Meraz, M.L. Oxidative stress: a common imbalance in diabetes and epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 38, 767–782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01154-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01154-7