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A Review on Bioactive Porcine Peptide, Protegrin-1

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Abstract

Multi drug resistance is a major problem of the twenty first century. In order to combat this issue, there is an urgent need in the pharmaceutical industry, for novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides such as protegrins which exhibit non-specific membranolytic action can be viewed as probable therapeutic agents and replace conventional antibiotics. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a peptide isolated from porcine leucocytes. Its primary role is its antimicrobial activity against a broad-spectrum of gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Its antagonistic activity can be accounted by its pore formation mechanism in microbial membranes. In addition, PG-1 has multiple roles viz., anticancer and antiviral activity, immunomodulatory functions and numerous applications which increase its suitability as a potential therapeutic agent. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of biological roles, lytic mechanism of action and applications of PG-1, thus providing a thorough understanding of this β-sheet peptide, which structurally resembles defensin peptides.

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Abbreviations

AMP:

Antimicrobial peptide

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

DMPC:

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

DLPC:

Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

DPC:

Dodecylphosphocholine

DPhPC:

Diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine

GIXD:

Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

MD:

Molecular dynamics

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OCD:

Oriented circular dichroism

PG-1:

Protegrin-1

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

POPC:

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University) for providing ‘VIT SEED GRANT’ for carrying out this review on protegrin-1.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed To Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    Shruti Sunil Ranade & Rajasekaran Ramalingam

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  1. Shruti Sunil Ranade
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  2. Rajasekaran Ramalingam
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Conceptualization: [RR]; Literature survey, data analysis and drafting the article: [SSR]; Critical revision of article: [RR].

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Correspondence to Rajasekaran Ramalingam.

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Ranade, S.S., Ramalingam, R. A Review on Bioactive Porcine Peptide, Protegrin-1. Int J Pept Res Ther 26, 1493–1501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09955-8

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