Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Catalonia, NE, Spain

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Landscape Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we analyse spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Catalonia (NE Spain) during 1975–98. Fire scar maps, discriminated by means of 30–60 m resolution remote sensing imagery, have been used as a source of fire occurrence. We employ several visual or analytical approaches to interpret fire occurrence in this region, such as those of Minnich and Chou (1997), Ricotta et al. (2001) or Krummel et al. (1987). Crucial spatial patterns such as fire size distribution, fire frequency distribution, spots and residual vegetation islands are documented. In addition, several geographical layers were overlaid with burned area maps in order to determine interactions between fire occurrence and environmental parameters such as altitude, slope, solar radiation, and burned land cover. Assuming that fire occurrence is well determined by such a posteriori empirical factors we detect areas most prone to fire in this region and aim to enhance the local forest management and conservation plans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agee J.K. 1993. Fire Ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests, Island Press, Washington DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albini F.A. 1976. Estimating wild fire behavior and effects. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-30, Ogden, Utah, USA.

  • Arno S.F. and Sneck K.M. 1977. A method for determining fire history in coniferous forests of the mountain west. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT-42, Ogden, Utah, USA.

  • Bendel R.B., Higgins S.S., Teberg J.E. and Pyke D.A. 1989. Comparison of skewness coefficient, coefficient of variation, and Gini coefficient as inequality measures within populations. Oecologia 78(3): 394–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • CORINE 1991. Land-use land-cover database 1:250000. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • DARP 1996. Mapa Forestal de Catalunya 1:100000. Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca, Barcelona, España.

    Google Scholar 

  • DARP 1999. FocVerd I. Programa de gestió del risc d’incendi forestal. Generalitat de Catalunya. Primersegona edicions, Barcelona, España, pp. 231.

  • Date C.J. 1995. An introduction to database systems. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, UK, pp. 839. 6a edición.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Delgado R., Lloret F. and Pons X. 2004. Temporal patterns of fire regime in Catalonia (NE of Spain) along the last quarter of century (1975–98). International Journal of Wildland Fire.

  • Díaz-Delgado R., Lloret F. and Pons X. 2003. Influence of fire severity on plant regeneration by means of remote sensing imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24: 1751–1763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Delgado R., Lloret F., Pons X. and Terradas J. 2002. Satellite evidence of decreasing resilience in Mediterranean plant communities after recurrent wildfires. Ecology 83: 2293–2303.

    Google Scholar 

  • DMA 2001. Forests gestionades pel Departament de Medi Ambient, 1: 50000. Departament de Medi Ambient, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, España.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donnegan J.A. and Rebertus A.J. 1999. Rates and mechanisms of subalpine forest succession along an environmental gradient. Ecology 80: 1370–1384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhart K.E. and Woodard P.M. 1987. Distribution of residual vegetation associated with large fires in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17: 1207–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney M.A. 1999. Mechanistic modeling of landscape fire patterns.. In: Mladenoff D.J., Baker W.L. (eds), Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscapes: Approaches and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 186–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folch R. 1986. La vegetació dels Països Catalans, Second edition. Ketres Editora S.A., Barcelona, España.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folch R. 1996. Socioecologia dels incendis forestals. In: Terradas J. (ed.), Ecologia del Foc. Proa, Barcelona, España, pp. 255–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster D.R. 1983. The history and pattern of fire in the boreal forest of southeastern Labrador. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 2459–2471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasaway W.C. and DuBois S.D. 1985. Initial response of moose to a wildfire in interior Alaska. Canadian Field Naturalist 99: 135–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gracia C., Ibañez J.J., Vayreda J., Pons X. and Terradas J. 1997. Un nuevo concepto de inventario forestal. Proceedings of the XI world forestry congress. World Forestry Association, Antalya, Turkey, p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanes T.L. 1971. Succession after fire in the chaparral of Southern California. Ecological Monographs 41: 27–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinselman M.L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research 3: 329–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICC 1989. Mapa Geològic de Catalunya 1:250 000. Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona, España.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICC 1997. Atles Climàtic de Catalunya 1:500000. Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona. 42 láminas.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICC-DARP 1993. Modelo digital de elevaciones de Cataluña, 45 m. Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya y Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca, Barcelona, España. Edición digital.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston C.A. 1990. GIS: more than just a pretty face. Landscape Ecology 4: 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley J.E., Fotheringham C.J. and Morais M. 1999. Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes. Science 284: 1829–1832.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley J.E. and Fotheringham C.J. 2001. Historic fire regime in southern California shrublands. Conservation Biology 15: 1536–1548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilgore B.M. and Taylor D. 1979. Fire history of a Sequoia-Mixed Conifer forest. Ecology 60: 129–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krummel J.R., Gardner R.H., Sugihara G., O’Neill R.V. and Coleman P.R. 1987. Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment. Oikos 48: 321–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloret F., Calvo E., Pons X. and Díaz-Delgado R. 2002. Wildfires and landscape patterns of fragmentation in Eastern Iberian peninsula. Landscape Ecology 17: 745–759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloret F., Pausas J.G. and Vila M. 2003. Responses of Mediterranean Plant Species to different fire frequencies in Garraf Natural Park (Catalonia, Spain): field observations and modelling predictions. Plant Ecology 167: 223–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee Ch. and Seyoung K., 1998. Measuring earnings inequality and median earnings in the tourism industry. Tourism Management 19: 341–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieffers V.J. and Titus S.J. 1989. The effects of stem density and nutrient status on size inequality and resource allocation in lodgepole pine and white spruce seedlings. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 2900–2903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz M.O. 1905. Methods of measuring concentration of wealth. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 9: 209–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy S. 1982. Area-perimeter relation for rain and cloud areas. Science 216: 185–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maffini G. 1987. Raster versus vector data encoding and handling: a commentary. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 53: 1397–1398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamud B.D., Morein G. and Turcotte D.L. 1998. Forest fires: an example of self-organized critical behavior. Science 281: 1840–1841.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot B.B. 1977. Fractals; form, chance and dimension. Freeman, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAPA 1979. Las coníferas en el primer inventario forestal nacional. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, España, pp. 174

    Google Scholar 

  • MAPA 1980a. Mapa de Cultivos y Aprovechamientos, 1:50000. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, España.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAPA 1980b. Las frondosas en el primer inventario forestal nacional. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, España, pp. 235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller C. and Urban D.L. 1999. Interactions between forest heterogeneity and surface fire regimes in the southern Sierra Nevada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 202–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minnich R.A. and Chou Y.H. 1997. Wildland fire patch dynamics in the chaparral of Southern California and Northern Baja California. International Journal of Wildland Fire 7: 221–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno J.M., Vázquez A. and Vélez R. 1998. Recent history of forest fires in Spain.. In: Moreno J.M. (ed.), Large Forest Fires. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 159–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikora V.I., Pearson C.P. and Shankar U. 1999. Scaling properties in landscape patterns: New Zealand experience. Landscape Ecology 14: 17–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry G.L.W., Sparrow A.D. and Owens I.F. 1999. A GIS-supported model for the simulation of the spatial structure of wildland fire, Cass Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 502–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piñol J., Terradas J. and Lloret F. 1998. Climate warming, wildfire hazard, and wildfire occurrence in coastal eastern España. Climatic Change 38: 345–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pons X. 1996. Estimación de la radiación solar a partir de modelos digitales de elevaciones: Propuesta metodológica.. In: Juaristi y I. Moro J. (ed.), Modelos y Sistemas de Información en Geografía. UPV-AGE, Vitoria, pp. 87–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quirk W.A. and Sykes D.J. 1971. White spruce stringers in a firepatterned landscape in interior Alaska.. In: Slaughter C.W., Barney R.J. and Hansen G.M. (eds), Fire in the Northern Environment. A symposium. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp. 179–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed W.J. and McKelvey K.S. 2002. Power-law behaviour and parametric models for the size-distribution of forest fires. Ecological Modelling 150: 239–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricotta C., Avena G. and Marchetti M. 1999. The flaming sandpile: self-organized criticality and wildfires. Ecological Modelling 119: 73–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricotta C., Arianoutsou M., Díaz-Delgado R., Duguy B., Lloret F., Maroudi E., Mazzoleni S., Moreno J.M., Rambal S., Vallejo R. and Vázquez A. 2001. Self-Organized Criticality of Wildfires Ecologically Revisited. Ecological Modelling 141: 307–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothermel R.C. 1972. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA Forest Service Research Papers INT-115, Ogden, Utah, USA.

  • Rothermel R.C. 1983. How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires. USDA Forest Service Technical Report INT-143, Ogden, Utah, USA.

  • Rowe J.S. and Scotter G.W. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quaternary Research 3: 444–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau R., Van Hecke P., Nijssen D. and Bogaert J. 1999. The relationship between diversity profiles, evenness and species richness based on partial ordering. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 6: 211–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador R., Valeriano J., Pons X. and Díaz-Delgado R. 2000. A semiautomatic methodology to detect fire scars in shrubs and evergreen forests with Landsat MSS time series. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21: 655–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss D., Bednar L. and Mees R. 1989. Do one percent of forest fires cause ninety-nine percent of the damage? Forest Science 35: 319–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terradas J. and Piñol J. 1996. Els grans incendis: condicions meteorològiques i de vegetació per al seu desenvolupament. In: Terradas J. (ed.), Ecologia del Foc. Proa, Barcelona, España, pp. 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trabaud L. 1992. Les feux de forêt. France selection, Paris, France, pp. 278.

  • Trabaud L. 1994. Post-fire plant community dynamics in the Mediterranean Basin.. In: Moreno J.M. and Oechel W.C. (eds), The role of fire in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological Studies, Springer, pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagner C.E. 1983. Fire behavior in northern conifer forests and shrublands. In: Wein R.W. and MacLean D.A. (eds), The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, pp. 65–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner J. and Thomas S.C. 1986. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos 47: 211–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells M.L. and McKinsey D.E. 1990. Using a geographic information system for prescribed fire management at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, California. In: Proceedings of the GIS’90 Symposium. GIS’90, Los Angeles, USA, pp. 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelan R.J. 1995. The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zedler P.H., Gautier C.R. and McMaster S. 1983. Vegetation change in response to extreme events: the effect of short interval between fires in California chaparral and coastal scrub. Ecology 64: 809–818.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zasada J.C. 1971. Natural regeneration of interior Alaska forests. Seed, seedbed and vegetative reproduction considerations. In: Slaughter C.W., Barney R.J. and Hansen G.M. (eds), Fire in the Northern Environment: A Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Portland, USA, pp. 231–246.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Díaz-Delgado.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Díaz-Delgado, R., Lloret, F. & Pons, X. Spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Catalonia, NE, Spain. Landscape Ecol 19, 731–745 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-0183-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-0183-1

Key words

Navigation