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Effect of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid on the thermal performance of ribbed channel with apart sections of heating and cooling

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Abstract

A two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation is performed to simulate the laminar forced convection of a nanofluid in a ribbed channel with apart heating (cooling) sources using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The multi-walled carbon nanotubes–iron oxide nanoparticles/water hybrid nanofluid (MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid) is used in this simulation. The velocity field, temperature distribution and heat transfer rate are numerically analyzed with the streamlines and isotherm patterns employing of a house code. In addition, the effect of Reynolds number (Re = 25, 50, 75 and 100), nanoparticle solid volume fraction (ϕ = 0, 0.001, 0.003) and ratio of the blocks height (A = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) are measured. The results are validated against the results reported in the literature, and a good agreement is reported. The obtained results show a maximum value of 16.49% increase in the average heat transfer coefficient for all the considered cases relative to the base fluid. Moreover, the local Nusselt number proves that the use of blocks on the channel walls can increase the amount of heat transfer. Finally, the average Nusselt number shows a linear dependence on the increasing ratio of blocks height for constant solid volume fraction. The results of this study apply to the industrial equipment heating and cooling applications.

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Abbreviations

A :

h/H, ratio of the blocks’ height to the channel’s height

B :

B = l/H, ratio of the distance between two consecutive blocks to the height of the channel

C :

Lattice speed (m/s)

c p :

Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg K)

d :

Nanoparticle diameter (m)

e :

Streaming speed for single particle

f :

Density distribution function

f eq :

Equilibrium density distribution function

g :

Energy distribution function

g eq :

Equilibrium energy distribution function

H :

Channel height (m)

K :

Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))

k B :

Boltzmann constant (J/K)

L :

Length of the channel (m)

Nu :

Local Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number, ν/α

Re :

Reynolds number, uin2H/ν

T :

Time (s)

T :

Temperature (K)

T in :

Inlet temperature (K)

T b :

Bulk temperature (K)

U in :

U-component at the channel inlet (m s−1)

u, v :

Velocity components (m s−1)

u :

Velocity vector (m s−1)

x, y :

Cartesian coordinates (m)

ω :

Weight function

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m−2 s−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

δx :

Lattice spacing (m)

δy :

Lattice spacing (m)

δt :

Time step (s)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity (m2 s−1)

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg m−3)

τ g :

Dimensionless single relaxation time for the heat transfer computation

τ ν :

Dimensionless single relaxation time for the flow computation

ϕ :

Solid volume fraction

c:

Cold

f:

Fluid

h:

Hot

i:

Move direction of single particle

in:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

out:

Outlet

w:

Wall

′:

Dimensional quantity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, Damghan University, P.O. Box: 3671641167, Damghan, Iran

    Rasul Mohebbi

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

    Mohsen Izadi

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, 945 3155111, Iran

    Amin Amiri Delouei & Hasan Sajjadi

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  1. Rasul Mohebbi
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  2. Mohsen Izadi
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  3. Amin Amiri Delouei
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  4. Hasan Sajjadi
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Correspondence to Rasul Mohebbi.

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Mohebbi, R., Izadi, M., Amiri Delouei, A. et al. Effect of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid on the thermal performance of ribbed channel with apart sections of heating and cooling. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 3029–3042 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7483-5

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