Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optical characterization of Fricke-methylthymol blue hydrogel dosimeter with gellan gum as physical cross-linker

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Modified formulation radio-chromic dosimeter consists of Fricke polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with Methylthymol blue dye (MTB) and physical cross-linking agent gellan gum (GG) was introduced and evaluated optically. For comparison purposes, the conventional formulation with chemically cross-linked agent glutaraldehyde (GTA) was prepared and studied. Both Fricke dosimeters (MTB-PVA-GTA) and (MTB-PVA-GG) were irradiated using medical linear accelerator up to 30 Gy and readout using UV–Vis spectrophotometry technique at wavelengths of 620 nm. In the range of linear dose response up to 10 Gy, the sensitivity of the developed Fricke MTB-PVA-GG was found to be one and half times higher than the conventional Fricke MTB-PVA-GTA (0.123 vs. 0.084 a.u Gy− 1). The resulting dosimeter sensitivity with GG cross-linker was significant and higher than measured and reported previously sensitivity values for all other Fricke PVA and gelatin gel-based dosimeters. The stability of both dosimeters was observed and shown up to five days after irradiation. The dosimeters were independent on photon beam energy and dose rate. The overall uncertainties for the Fricke MTB-PVA-GTA and MTB-PVA-GG were calculated to be 4.24% and 3.60%, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Farris JC, Razavian NB, Farris MK, Ververs JD, Frizzell BA, Leyrer CM, Allen LF, Greven KM, Hughes RT (2023) Head and neck radiotherapy quality assurance conference for dedicated review of delineated targets and organs at risk: results of a prospective study.  J Radiother Pract, 22:e60

  2. Vandecasteele J, De Deene Y (2013) Evaluation of radiochromic gel dosimetry and polymer gel dosimetry in a clinical dose verification. Phys Med Biol 58:6241–6262

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Eyadeh MM, Weston MA, Juhasz J, Diamond KR (2016) Translucent poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel dosimeters for simultaneous dose buildup and monitoring during chest wall radiation therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 17:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Eyadeh MM, Wierzbicki M, Diamond KR (2017) Measurement of skin surface dose distributions in radiation therapy using poly (vinyl alcohol) cryogel dosimeters. J Appl Clin Med Phys 18:153–162

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Eyadeh MM, Smadi SA, Rabaeh KA, Oglat AA, Diamond KR (2021) Effect of lithium chloride inorganic salt on the performance of N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide polymer-gel dosimeter in radiation therapy. J Radio Analyt Nucl Chem 330:1255–1261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Oldham M, Juang T, Yoon SWP (2017) Radiochromic 3D detectors. Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy. CRC Press, pp 137–168

  7. Awad SI, Moftah B, Basfer A, Almousa AA, Al Kafi MA, Eyadeh MM, Rabaeh KA (2019) 3-D quality assurance in CyberKnife radiotherapy using a novel N-(3- methoxypropyl) acrylamide polymer gel dosimeter and optical CT. Radiat Phys Chem 161:34–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rabaeh KA, Al-Ajaleen MS, Abuzayed MH, Aldweri FM, Eyadeh MM (2019) High dose sensitivity of N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide polymer gel dosimeters with improved monomer solubility using acetone co-solvent. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 442:67–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gallo S, Pasquale S, Lenardi C, Veronese I, Gueli AM (2021) Effect of ionizing radiation on the colorimetric properties of PVA-GTA xylenol Orange Fricke gel dosimeters. Dyes Pigm 187:109141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang P, Jiang L, Chen H, Hu L (2022) Recent advances in hydrogel-based sensors responding to ionizing radiation. Gels 8(4):238

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Chan M, Song Y, Meli J, Huang Y, Burman C (2006) TU-FF-A1-02: estimating dose to ICD outside the treatment fields using skin QED diode. Med Phys 33:2218–2218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Morales JE, Hill R, Crowe SB, Kairn T, Trapp JV (2014) A comparison of surface doses for very small field size x-ray beams: Monte Carlo calculations and radiochromic film measurements. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 37:303–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gallo S, Iacoviello G, Bartolotta A, Dondi D, Panzeca S, Marrale M (2017) ESR dosimeter material properties of phenols compound exposed to radiotherapeutic electron beams. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 407:110–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rabaeh KA, Hailat TF, Eyadeh MM, Al-Shorman MY, Aldweri FM, Alheet SM, Madas BG, Awad SI (2020) Dosimetric properties of sulfosalicylic acid-ferrous-polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde hydrogel dosimeters using magnetic and optical techniques. Radiat Phys Chem 177:109106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Macchione MA, Lechón Páez S, Strumia MC, Valente M, Mattea F (2022) Chemical overview of gel dosimetry systems: a comprehensive review. Gels 8(10):663

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. De Deene Y (2022) Radiation dosimetry by use of radiosensitive hydrogels and polymers: mechanisms, state-of-the-art and perspective from 3D to 4D. Gels 8(9):599

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Gore JC, Kang YS, Schulz RJ (1984) Measurement of radiation dose distributions by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Phys Med Biol 29:1189–1197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kelly RG, Jordan KJ, Battista JJ (1998) Optical CT reconstruction of 3D dose distributions using the ferrous sulphate-benzoic acid-xylenol orange gel dosimeter. Med Phys 25:1741–1750

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gambarini G, Veronese I, Bettinelli L, Felisi M, Carrara M, Collura G, Gallo S, Longo A, Marrale M, Tranchina L, d’Errico F (2017) Study of optical absorbance and MR relaxation of irradiated Fricke xylenol orange gel dosimeters. Radiat Meas 106:621–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mizukami S, Watanabe Y, Mizoguchi T, Gomi T, Hara H, Takei H, Fukunishi N, Ishikawa KL, Fukuda S, Maeyama T (2021) Whole three-dimensional dosimetry of carbon ion beams with an MRI-based nanocomposite fricke gel dosimeter using rapid T1 mapping method. Gels 7(4):233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. de Oliveira LN, Sampaio FGA, Moreira MV, de Almeida A (2014) Measurements of the Fe3 + diffusion coefficient in Fricke Xylenol gel using optical density measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 90:241–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Penev KI, Mequanint K (2017) Multifactorial study and kinetics of signal development in ferrous–methylthymol blue–gelatin gel dosimeters. Med Phys 44:1948–1957

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Eyadeh MM, Rabaeh KA, Hailat TF, Aldweri FM (2018a) Evaluation of ferrous Methylthymol blue gelatin gel dosimeters using nuclear magnetic resonance and optical techniques. Radiat Meas 108:26–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. de Almeida WDS, Alves AVS, Oliveira WF, da Silveira MAL, de Souza SO, d’Errico F, Sussuchi EM (2022) Radiochromic Fricke gels with eriochrome cyanine R for radiotherapy dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem 191:109830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Penev KI, Mequanint K (2013) Controlling sensitivity and stability of ferrous– xylenol orange–gelatin 3D gel dosimeters by doping with phenanthroline- type ligands and glyoxal. Phys Med Biol 58:1823–1838

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Maeyama T, Fukunishi N, Ishikawa KL, Furuta T, Fukasaku K, Takagi S, Noda S, Himeno R, Fukuda S (2014) A diffusion-free and linear-energy-transfer-independent nanocomposite Fricke gel dosimeter. Radiat Phys Chem 96:92–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chu KC, Jordan KJ, Battista JJ, Van Dyk J, Rutt BK (2000) Polyvinyl alcoholFricke hydrogel and cryogel: two new gel dosimetry systems with low Fe + 3 diffusion. Phys Med Biol 45:955–969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Eyadeh MM, Farrell TJ, Diamond KR (2014) Evaluation of a ferrous benzoic xylenol orange transparent PVA cryogel radiochromic dosimeter. Phys Med Biol 59:1773–1787

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Smith ST, Masters KS, Hosokawa K, Blinco JP, Crowe SB, Kairn T, Trapp JV (2015) Preliminary investigations into the use of a functionalised polymer to reduce diffusion in Fricke gel dosimeters. Med Phys 42:6798–6803

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rabaeh KA, Eyadeh MM, Hailat TF, Aldweri FM, Alheet SM, Eid RM (2018) Characterization of ferrous-methylthymol blue-polyvinyl alcohol gel dosimeters using nuclear magnetic resonance and optical techniques. Radiat Phys Chem 148:25–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Scotti M, Arosio P, Brambilla E, Gallo S, Lenardi C, Locarno S, Orsini F, Pignoli E, Pedicone L, Veronese I (2022) How xylenol orange and ferrous ammonium sulphate influence the dosimetric properties of PVA–GTA fricke gel dosimeters: a spectrophotometric study. Gels 8(4):204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. d’Errico F, Lazzeri L, Dondi D, Mariani M, Marrale M, Souza SO, Gambarini G (2017) Novel GTA-PVA Fricke gels for three-dimensional dose mapping in radiotherapy. Radiat Meas 106:612–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Marini A, Lazzeri L, Cascone MG, Ciolini R, Tana L, d’Errico F (2017) Fricke gel dosimeters with low-diffusion and high-sensitivity based on a chemically crosslinked PVA matrix. Radiat Meas 106:618–621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gallo S, Lizio D, Monti A, Veronese I, Brambilla MG, Lenardi C, Torresin A, Gambarini G (2020) Temperature behavior of radiochromic poly (vinyl-alcohol)– glutaraldehyde Fricke gel dosimeters in practice. J Phys D Appl Phys 53:365003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Eyadeh MM, Rabaeh KA, Hailat TF, Al-Shorman MY, Aldweri FM, Kanan HK, Awad SI (2018b) Investigation of a novel chemically cross-linked fricke Methylthymol blue-synthetic polymer gel dosimeter with glutaraldehyde cross-linker. Radiat Meas 118:77–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Eyadeh MM, Rabaeh KA, Aldweri FM, Al-Shorman MY, Alheet SM, Awad SI, Hailat TF (2019) Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a chemically cross-linked ferrous–methylthymol blue–polyvinyl alcohol radiochromicm gel dosimeter. Appl Radiat Isot 153:108812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rabaeh KA, Eyadeh MM, Hailat TF, Madas BG, Aldweri FM, Almomani AM, Awad SI (2021) Improvement on the performance of chemically cross-linked fricke methylthymol-blue radiochromic gel dosimeter by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. Radiat Meas 141:106540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tano ˜JE, Gonzales CAB, Saito A, Wada T, Nagata Y, Yasuda H (2021) Annealing properties of the PVA-GTA-I gel dosimeter. Radiat Meas 149:106674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hayashi SI, Ono K, Fujino K, Kurihara R (2022) Effects of PVA-GTA-I radiochromic gel dosimeter components on optical dose-response. J Phys Conf Ser 2167:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hayashi SI, Ono K, Fujino K, Fujimoto S (2019) August. Influence of the components of a radiochromic PVA–iodide gel dosimeter on the optical dose response. J Phys Conf Ser 1305(1):012031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rabaeh KA, Al-Zawaydaih HH, Eyadeh MM, Shatnawi MT (2022) High optical stability of reusable radiochromic polyvinyl alcohol-iodine gel dosimeter for radiotherapy. Rad Phys Chem 199:110338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Parwaie W, Geraily G, Shirazi A, Shakeri A, Massumi H (2020) Analysis of the ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel dosimeter in low-dose-level measurements. Radiat Phys Chem 173:108943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Galante AMS, Cervantes HJ, Cavinatoa CC, Campos LL, Rabbani SR (2008) MRI study of radiation effect on Fricke gel solutions. Radiat Meas 34:550–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Sharpe P, Miller A (2009) Guidelines for the calibration of routine dosimetry systems for use in radiation processing. NPL Rep. CIRM 29. National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK ISSN 1369–6793

  45. Soliman YS (2014) Gamma-radiation induced synthesis of silver nanoparticles in gelatin and its application for radiotherapy dose measurements. Radiat Phys Chem 102:60–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. ISO/ASTM 51707 (2015) Guide for estimating uncertainties in Dosimetry for Radiation Processing. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Hashemite University (442–2019) in funding this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan

    Khalid A. Rabaeh, Molham M. Eyadeh & Ammar A. Oglat

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan

    Molham M. Eyadeh & Laith S. Alshomali

  3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan

    Feras M. Aldweri

Authors
  1. Khalid A. Rabaeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Molham M. Eyadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Laith S. Alshomali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Feras M. Aldweri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ammar A. Oglat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Molham M. Eyadeh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rabaeh, K.A., Eyadeh, M.M., Alshomali, L.S. et al. Optical characterization of Fricke-methylthymol blue hydrogel dosimeter with gellan gum as physical cross-linker. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 332, 1815–1823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-08832-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-08832-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation