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Nontoxic double-network polymeric hybrid aerogel functionalized with reduced graphene oxide: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation as drug delivery agent

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Abstract

Biopolymer aerogel microspheres based on K-carrageenan, Sodium-alginate, and reduced graphene oxide (SA/K-CG/rGO) were fabricated by crosslinking with divalent cation (Ca2+) and sol–gel technique followed by super critical drying. Then, the synthesized SA/K-CG/Ca2+-k+/rGO hybrid aerogel has been evaluated as an effective drug delivery system (DDS). The obtained aerogel was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM/EDS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Amoxicillin as a model drug was immobilized in aerogel up to 94%. The release profile designated a continuous pH-dependent discharge at two studied pH scales (4.0, 5.5, 7.4 and 9.0). Finally, Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Higuchi model have been applied to evaluate the release kinetics, and it proves that the release of Amox from the hybrid aerogels is controlled by Fickian diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) index for Aerogel/Amox with rGO was 250 µg/ml and 62 µg/ml for Streptomyces aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Besides, the cell viability assay did not show toxicity against normal endothelial cells. Collectively, the results determine the SA/K-CG/Ca2+-k+/rGO aerogel would be a potential material for the fabrication of pH-controlled drug delivery scaffold.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Tabriz (grant # 9519645002) and RCPN of Tabriz University of Medical Science for the financial supports of this work.

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  1. Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Nano Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 51666, Tabriz, Iran

    Zahra Karimzadeh & Hassan Namazi

  2. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

    Hassan Namazi

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Karimzadeh, Z., Namazi, H. Nontoxic double-network polymeric hybrid aerogel functionalized with reduced graphene oxide: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation as drug delivery agent. J Polym Res 29, 37 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-02902-0

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