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It Takes a Village: Protecting Rural African American Youth in the Context of Racism

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Abstract

Prior research demonstrates negative consequences of racism, however, little is known about community, parenting, and intrapersonal mechanisms that protect youth. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study illuminated linkages between positive and negative contextual influences on rural African American adolescent outcomes. Quantitative results provide support for Structural Ecosystems Theory, in that the influence of discrimination and collective socialization on adolescent outcomes was mediated by racial socialization and positive parenting. Parenting and community influences contributed to adolescent racial identity and self image, which protected against common negative responses to racism; including academic underachievement, succumbing to peer pressure, and aggressive tendencies. Qualitative results indicate that current measures of discrimination may underestimate adolescents’ experiences. Adolescents reported racist experiences in the domains of school, peers, and with the police (males only). Moreover, qualitative findings echoed and expanded quantitative results with respect to the importance of the protective nature of parents and communities.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute of Mental Health. The first author’s involvement in the preparation of this manuscript was partially supported by Training Grant T32MH18387.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Prevention Research Center, Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6005, USA

    Cady Berkel

  2. Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Velma McBride Murry

  3. Center for Family Research West, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Tera R. Hurt

  4. Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Yi-fu Chen & Gene H. Brody

  5. Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Ronald L. Simons

  6. Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Carolyn Cutrona & Frederick X. Gibbons

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  1. Cady Berkel
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  4. Yi-fu Chen
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  8. Frederick X. Gibbons
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Correspondence to Cady Berkel.

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Berkel, C., Murry, V.M., Hurt, T.R. et al. It Takes a Village: Protecting Rural African American Youth in the Context of Racism. J Youth Adolescence 38, 175–188 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9346-z

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