Abstract
OptimaHl 60plus was a prevention study that included the participatory development and evaluation of an interdisciplinary counseling aid and aimed to improve the nutrition and physical activity behavior of people 60 years and older. The direct involvement of this vulnerable group in prevention programs might contribute to a reduction of inequities in health. This article describes the recruitment of the elderly, especially those with low socioeconomic or migration status, to the OptimaH1 60plus study. It presents successful strategies to reach and recruit the elderly. Community partner involvement, focus groups, translated intervention material, and involving the media all facilitated recruitment. The article gives recommendations for research, practice, and policy implications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Der Senator für Arbeit Frauen Gesundheit Jugend und Soziales. (2006). Sozialindikatoren 2005 [Social Indicators 2005] (Rep. No. 7). Bremen, Germany: Referat 12.
Aid Infodienst Verbraucherschutz EleV. (2005). Die aid-Ernährungspyramide. Richtig essen lehren und lernen [The aid nutrition pyramid. Teaching and learning correct eating behavior]. Bonn, Germany: Aid.
Arcury, T. A., Austin, C. K., Quandt, S. A., & Saavedra, R. (1999). Enhancing community participation in intervention research: Farmworkers and agricultural chemicals in North Carolina. Health Education & Behavior, 26(4), 562–576.
Arean, P. A., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (1996). Issues and recommendations for the recruitment and retention of older ethnic minority adults into clinical research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 875–880.
August, G. J., Winters, K. C., Realmuto, G. M., Tarter, R., Perry, C., & Hektner, J. M. (2004). Moving evidence-based drug abuse prevention programs from basic science to practice: Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness interface. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 2017–2053.
Austin-Wells, V., McDougall, G. J. Jr., & Becker, H. (2006). Recruiting and retaining an ethnically diverse sample of older adults in a longitudinal intervention study. Educational Gerontology, 32(2), 159–170.
Barberger-Gateau, P., Letenneur, L., Deschamps, V., Pérès, K., Dartigues, J.-F., & Renaud, S. (2002). Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: Cohort study. British Medical Journal, 325, 932–933.
Blumenthal, D. S., Sung, J., Coates, R., Williams, J., & Liff, J. (1995). Mounting research addressing issues of race/ethnicity in health care: Recruitment and retention of subjects for a longitudinal cancer prevention study in an inner-city black community. Health Services Research, 30(1 Pt. 2), 197–205.
Brussaard, J. H., van Erp-Baart, M. A., Brants, H. A. M., Hulshof, K. F. A. M., & Löwik, M. R. H. (2001). Nutrition and health among migrants in the Netherlands. Public Health Nutrition, 4(2B), 659–664.
Catania, C., De Pas, T., Goldhirsch, A., Radice, D., Adamoli, L., Medici, M., et al. (2008). Participation in clinical trials as viewed by the patient: Understanding cultural and emotional aspects which influence choice. Oncology, 74(3–4), 177–187.
Choudhury, S. M., Brophy, S., Fareedi, M. A., Zaman, B., Ahmed, P., & Williams, D. R. R. (2008). Intervention, recruitment, and evaluation challenges in the Bangladeshi community: Experience from a peer lead educational course. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 1–4.
Coleman, E. A., Tyll, L., LaCroix, A. Z., Allen, C., Leveille, S. G., Wallace, J. I., et al. (1997). Recruiting African American older adults for a community-based health promotion intervention: Which strategies are effective? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13(6 Suppl), 51–56.
Corbie-Smith, G., Thomas, S. B., & St. George, D. M. M. (2002). Distrust, race, and research. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(21), 2458–2463.
Corbie-Smith, G., Thomas, S. B., Williams, M. V., & Moody-Ayers, S. (1999). Attitudes and beliefs of African Americans toward participation. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 14(9), 537–546.
Damush, T. M., Weinberger, M., Clark, D. O., Tierney, W. M., Rao, J. K., Perkins, S. M., et al. (2002). Acute low back pain self-management intervention for urban primary care patients: Rationale, design, and predictors of participation. Arthritis Care & Research, 47(4), 372–379.
Darmon, N., & Khlat, M. (2001). An overview of the health status of migrants in France in relation to their dietary practices. Public Health Nutrition, 4(2), 163–172.
DiPietro, L. (2001). Physical activity in aging: Changes in patterns and their relationship to health and function. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, 56A(Special Issue II), 13–22.
Fabian, E., & Elmadfa, I. (2008). Nutritional situation of the elderly in the European Union: Data of the European nutrition and health report. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 52(Suppl 1), 57–61.
Gillette, G. S., Abellan Van Kan, G., Andrieu, S., Barberger-Gateau, P., Berr, C., Bonnefoy, M., et al. (2007). IANA task force on nutrition and cognitive decline with aging. Journal of Nutrition, Health, & Aging, 11(2), 132–152.
Gucciardi, E., Cameron, J. I., Di Liao, C., Palmer, A., & Steward, D. E. (2007). Programme design features that can improve participation in health education interventions. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7, 1–10.
Hassel, H., Schulte, B., & Keimer, K. M. (2010). Participatory development of an instrument for the elderly for an autonomous optimization of their nutrition and physical activity profile. Health Education Journal. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0017896910364887.
Kanfer, F. H. (1977). The many faces of self-control or behavior modification changes its focus. In R. B. Stuart (Ed.), Behavioral self-management (pp. 1–48). New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.
Kanfer, F. H. (1986). Implications of a self-regulation model of therapy for treatment of addictive behaviors. In W. R. Miller & N. Heather (Eds.), Treating addictive behaviors: Processes of change (2nd ed., pp. 272–314). New York, NY: Plenum.
Karoly, P., & Kanfer, F. H. (1982). Self-management and behaviour change: From theory to practice. New York, NY: Pergamon.
Knesebeck, O. (2005). Die Bedeutung sozialer Beziehungen für den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und Gesundheit im Alter [The influence of social relations on the connection between social inequality and health in the elderly]. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 50, 311–318.
Kolip, P., & Altgeld, T. (2006). Geschlechtergerechte Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Theoretische Grundlagen und Modell guter Praxis [Gender specific health promotion and prevention. Theoretical basics and models of good practice]. Weinheim, Germany: Juventa.
Landman, J., & Cruickshank, J. K. (2001). A review of ethnicity, health and nutrition-related diseases in relation to migration in the United Kingdom. Public Health Nutrition, 4(2B), 647–657.
Lee, S. S., August, G. J., Bloomquist, M. L., Mathy, R., & Realmuto, G. M. (2006). Implementing an evidence-based preventive intervention in neighborhood family centers: Examination of perceived barriers to program participation. Journal of Primary Prevention, 27(6), 573–597.
Lutz, H. (2006). Migrantinnen und Migranten im Lande Bremen [Migrants in the state of Bremen]. Retrieved August 28, 2009 from http://www.gew-hb.de/Migrantinnen_und_Migranten_im_Lande_Bremen.html.
Määttä, S. M. (2006). Closeness and distance in the nurse-patient relation: The relevance of Edith Stein’s concept of empathy. Nursing Philosphy, 7(1), 3–10.
Morgan, K. T. (2008). Nutritional determinants of bone health. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly, 27(1–2), 3–27.
Paine, B. J., Stock, N. P., & MacLennan, A. H. (2008). Seminars may increase recruitment to randomized controlled trials: Lessons learned from WISDOM. Trials, 9, 1–8.
Petereit, D. G., & Burhanstipanov, L. (2008). Establishing trusting partnerships for successful recruitment of American Indians to clinical trials. Cancer Control, 15(3), 260–268.
Powell, R. A., & Single, H. M. (1996). Focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 8(5), 499–504.
Robert Koch Institut. (2006). Gesundheit in Deutschland [Health in Germany]. Berlin, Germany: Agit-Druck GmbH.
Schefft, B. K., & Lehr, B. K. (1985). A self-regulatory model of adjunctive behavior change. Behavior Modification, 9(4), 458–476.
Specht-Leible, N. (2005). Gesundheit und Lebensqualität im Alter. Stellenwert von Ernährung und körperlicher Aktivität in der Prävention [Health and quality of life in the elderly: The role of nutrition and physical activity in prevention]. Medizinische Welt, 4, 139–143.
Tinetti, M. E. (2003). Clinical practice: Preventing falls in elderly persons. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(1), 42–49.
Tinetti, M. E., Baker, D. I., McAvay, E. B., Claus, E. B., Garrett, P., Gottschalk, M., et al. (1994). A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine, 331(13), 821–827.
UyBico, S. J., Pavel, S., & Gross, C. P. (2007). Recruiting vulnerable populations into research: A systematic review of recruitment interventions. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(6), 852–863.
Verband für Ernährung und Diätetik e.V. (2006). Lecker und ausgewogen mit dem VFED-Ernährungsdreieck. Die Anleitung zum Ess- und Bewegungsprogramm [Tasty and healthy with the VFED nutrition triangle. Guidelines to the nutrition and physical activity program]. Aachen, Germany: VFED.
Walter, U., Salman, R., Krauth, C., & Machleidt, W. (2007). Migranten gezielt erreichen: Zugangswege zur Optimierung der Inanspruchnahme präventiver Maßnahmen [Reaching migrants for preventive care: Optimization of access and utilization]. Psychiatrische Praxis, 34, 349–353.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (2002). Active ageing: A policy framework (pp. 1–60). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
Zwick, M. M. (2007). Migration, Ernährung und Körper–das Beispiel türkischer MigrantInnen in Deutschland [Migration, nutrition and body: The example of Turkish migrants in Germany]. SIETAR Journal, 2, 13–17.
Acknowledgments
This work was done as part of the OptimaHl 60plus Study. The study was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany. Support/Grant No: 01 EL 0703. We would like to thank all participants for their interest and community partners for their support.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keimer, K.M., Dreas, J.A. & Hassel, H. Recruiting Elderly with a Migration and/or Low Socioeconomic Status in the Prevention Study OptimaHl 60plus. J Primary Prevent 32, 53–63 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0221-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0221-9