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Paleoclimate and Holocene relative sea-level history of the east coast of India

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Abstract

The Holocene sea-level history of the east coast of India is relatively unexplored. We analysed a 17.37-m-long sediment core from Kolleru Lake, a fresh waterbody located in a deltaic setting along the east coast of India, to reconstruct the climate, environmental, and sea-level history of the region. Sedimentary facies and pollen assemblages, with nine accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates (two mollusk shells and seven plant samples) from the core revealed Holocene relative sea-level changes, and provide the first insights into the climate of the region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to present. A layer of anhydrous calcium sulfate at the core bottom, along with a 14C age of 18.4 cal ka BP, combined with the absence of pollen in mottled yellowish clay, indicated a desiccated lake surface, reflecting a dry LGM climate. Palynomorphs in the overlying calcareous-concretion-bearing light brown silty clay showed a change from arid terrestrial herbaceous plants to freshwater taxa, indicating a change from dry to wet climate after the LGM and before 8.0 cal ka BP. Further upward in the core, black, sticky silty clay with abundant mangrove pollen and mollusk shells indicated a marine environment in Kolleru Lake and aggradational sediment stacking related to the middle Holocene sea-level rise from 8.0 to 4.9 cal ka BP. The uppermost sandy/silty clay, with terrestrial/aquatic pollen and a 14C age of 3.7 cal ka BP indicated a freshwater environment during the late Holocene. Our results show that Kolleru Lake, on the east coast of India, changed from a desiccated state during the dry LGM to a brackish lagoon during the middle Holocene, and then to a freshwater lake by the late Holocene, under the influence of climate and relative sea-level changes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, through an interdisciplinary and multi-institutional research project (Grant Number NRDMS/11/1174/06, sub-project #2) during 2009–2015 (KNR), as well as the Indian Council of Social Science Research through a Senior Fellowship (KNR) during 2017–2019 (Grant Number F.No. 2–21 /2016–17/SF), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number 24401005 (SK), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number JP 17H02980 (YS). We thank the Director, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India for permission to carry out palynological analysis in the Institute (No. BSIP/IV/SA/Collaborate/2014–15/L-078). We gratefully acknowledge the valuable suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers and Co-Editor-in-Chief Mark Brenner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geo-Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India

    Kakani Nageswara Rao

  2. Quaternary Division, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India

    Shilpa Pandey

  3. Department of Geography, Waseda University, Tokyo, 1698050, Japan

    Sumiko Kubo

  4. Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu-cho 1060, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

    Yoshiki Saito

  5. Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Central, 305-8567, Japan

    Yoshiki Saito & Rei Nakashima

  6. Geomatics Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673571, India

    K. Ch. V. Naga Kumar

  7. Department of Geography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India

    Gajji Demudu & Bandaru Hema Malini

  8. Public Works Research Institute, 1-6, Minamihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-8516, Japan

    Naoko Nagumo

  9. 287-9 Ogori-Shimogo, Yamaguchi, 754-0002, Japan

    Noboru Sadakata

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Nageswara Rao, K., Pandey, S., Kubo, S. et al. Paleoclimate and Holocene relative sea-level history of the east coast of India. J Paleolimnol 64, 71–89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-020-00124-2

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