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Preparation of Water-Insoluble Antibacterial Materials with Surface-Grafted Material PSt/SiO2 and Their Antibacterial Activity

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Abstract

Styrene (St) was graft-polymerized onto the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles, and the surface-grafted composite particles PSt/SiO2 were obtained. With the surface-grafted composite particles PSt/SiO2 as a starting material, water-insoluble antibacterial materials with quaternary ‘onium’ salt-type were synthesized via two polymer reaction steps. The grafted polystyrene was first chloromethylated, resulting in grafted particles CMPS/SiO2, and then quaterisation (QN) and quaternary phosphonium reaction (QP) were conducted with triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine and triphenyl phosphine as reagents, respectively. Two kinds of water-insoluble antibacterial materials, QN-PSt/SiO2 and QP-PSt/SiO2 were prepared. Their antibacterial property was mainly investigated by using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model bacterium and by adopting colony count method. The relationship between the chemical structure of the antibacterial group and antimicrobial activity for the water-insoluble antibacterial materials was studied in detail, and their antibacterial mechanism was investigated by TTC-dehydrogenase activity determination and extracellular DNA and RNA measurement methods. The experimental results show that QN-PSt/SiO2 and QP-PSt/SiO2 possess strong antibacterial activity. The main factors affecting the antibacterial ability of the water-insoluble materials are the chemical structure of the antibacterial groups, the bound density of the antibacterial groups on the surface of the water-insoluble antibacterial materials as well as the pH value of the medium. QP-PSt/SiO2 has stronger antibacterial activity than QN-PSt/SiO2; the QN-PSt/SiO2 prepared with tri-n-butylamine has stronger antibacterial activity than that prepared with triethylamine; the water-insoluble material with higher bound density of the antibacterial groups has stronger antibacterial ability; as the pH value of the medium is over the isoelectric point of E. coli, the antibacterial ability is strengthened with the increase of pH value.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People’s Republic of China

    Baojiao Gao, Qing Liu & Yanbin Li

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  1. Baojiao Gao
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  2. Qing Liu
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  3. Yanbin Li
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Correspondence to Baojiao Gao.

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Gao, B., Liu, Q. & Li, Y. Preparation of Water-Insoluble Antibacterial Materials with Surface-Grafted Material PSt/SiO2 and Their Antibacterial Activity. J Polym Environ 18, 474–483 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0187-y

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