Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of a Nitrided Case Depth by the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

  • Published:
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Applicability of magnetic methods for non-destructive evaluation of plasma nitrided cases was investigated comprehensively. Nitrided layers of 60–800 \(~\upmu \hbox {m}\) thicknesses were produced on a 16MnCr5 steel surface varying the plasma temperature, the nitriding time and atmosphere. Low-frequency Barkhausen noise was measured by a unique laboratory system to obtain physically grounded data. The laboratory measurements were performed at the triangular waveforms of the magnetizing voltage and the surface magnetic field. A typical rms envelope with a single peak positioned near the hysteresis coercive field was obtained for the unnitrided homogeneous sample. All nitrided samples with the hardened surface layer demonstrated an additional envelope peak at higher fields. Deeper nitridation suppressed both envelope peaks equally making the classical rms parameter sensitive to variation of the nitrided case depth. An industrial method of detection of the Barkhausen noise was tested for comparison using a commercial Rollscan device. The industrial measurements gave a single-peak envelope for all studied samples and a lower depth sensitivity of the rms parameter. Bulk testing methods, the magnetic hysteresis and the magneto-acoustic emission, were not able to detect the nitrided cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Naddaf, M., Hullavarad, S.S., Bhoraskar, V.N., Sainkar, S.R., Mandale, A.B., Bhoraskar, S.V.: Nitridation of steel using a microwave ECR plasma. Vacuum 64, 163–168 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mirjani, M., Mazrooei, J., Karimzadeh, N., Ashrafizadeh, F.: Investigation of the effects of time and temperature of oxidation on corrosion behavior of plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel. Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 4389–4393 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Samimi, A.A., Krause, T.W., Clapham, L.: Multi-parameter evaluation of magnetic Barkhausen noise in carbon steel. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 35, 40 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Piotrowski, L., Chmielewski, M., Kowalewski, Z.L.: The dominant influence of plastic deformation induced residual stress on the Barkhausen effect signal in martensitic steels. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 36, 10 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Moorthy, V., Shaw, B.A., Mountford, P., Hopkins, P.: Magnetic Barkhausen emission technique for evaluation of residual stress alteration by grinding in case-carburised En36 steel. Acta Mater. 53, 4997–5006 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lasaosa, A., Gurruchaga, K., Arizti, F., Martinez-De-Guerenu, A.: Induction hardened layer characterization and grinding burn detection by magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 36, 27 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Santa-aho, S., Vippola, M., Sorsa, A., Latokartano, J., Lindgren, M., Leiviskä, K., Lepistö, T.: Development of Barkhausen noise calibration blocks for reliable grinding burn detection. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 408–416 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Blaow, M., Evans, J.T., Shaw, B.A.: Effect of hardness and composition gradients on Barkhausen emission in case hardened steel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 303, 153–159 (2006)

  9. Stupakov, A., Neslušan, M., Perevertov, O.: Detection of a milling-induced surface damage by the magnetic Barkhausen noise. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 410, 198–209 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Stupakov, A., Perevertov, O., Zablotskii, V.: A system for controllable magnetic measurements of hysteresis and Barkhausen noise. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65(5), 1087–1097 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Stupakov, O.: Stabilization of Barkhausen noise readings by controlling a surface field waveform. Meas. Sci. Technol. 25, 015604 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Stupakov, O., Pal’a, J., Takagi, T., Uchimoto, T.: Governing conditions of repeatable Barkhausen noise response. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 2956–2962 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vashista, M., Moorthy, V.: Influence of applied magnetic field strength and frequency response of pick-up coil on the magnetic Barkhausen noise profile. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 345, 208–214 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Stupakov, A., Perevertov, O., Landa, M.: Dynamic behaviour of magneto-acoustic emission in a grain-oriented steel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 426, 685–690 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Makowska, K., Piotrowski, L., Kowalewski, Z.L.: Prediction of the mechanical properties of P91 steel by means of magneto-acoustic emission and acoustic birefringence. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 36, 43 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Stupakov, O.: Local non-contact evaluation of the ac magnetic hysteresis parameters of electrical steels by the Barkhausen noise technique. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 32, 405–412 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stupakov, O., Perevertov, O., Tomáš, I., Skrbek, B.: Evaluation of surface decarburization depth by magnetic Barkhausen noise technique. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 1692–1697 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by SAFMAT LM2015088 project and the VEGA project n. 1/0121/17. A. Perevertov appreciates the financial support of the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR) under project 14-36566G.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic

    Alexandr Stupakov & Alexej Perevertov

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 01026, Žilina, Slovakia

    Róbert Farda & Miroslav Neslušan

  3. Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Tetsuya Uchimoto

Authors
  1. Alexandr Stupakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Róbert Farda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miroslav Neslušan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alexej Perevertov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tetsuya Uchimoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandr Stupakov.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Stupakov, A., Farda, R., Neslušan, M. et al. Evaluation of a Nitrided Case Depth by the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise. J Nondestruct Eval 36, 73 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-017-0452-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-017-0452-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation