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Nanoarchitectonics: Porous Hydrogel as Bio-sorbent for Effective Remediation of Hazardous Contaminants

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Abstract

The increasing use of heavy metals, dyes, and other metallic or chemical elements causes crucial environmental pollution. Sewage that contains these heavy metals and dyes is discharged into the atmosphere and goes directly into the food cycle, causing cancerous diseases and health deterioration in living organisms. The supreme concern of today’s research is to treat wastewater and effectively remove the hazardous dye molecules from aqueous media and other environmental matrices. Nowadays, technologies are applied to rectify organic and inorganic pollutants from sewage. Among them, adsorption is a fascinating way because it is environmentally friendly, feasible, and economical biomaterials. Chitosan (CS) as bio-sorbent is endowed with valuable characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, high reactivity, low-cost, and functional groups (–OH and NH2) on its surface. CS is used for many applications, either as a single component or composite form. The use of CS as bio-adsorbents is beneficial over regular adsorbents. Chitosan-based hydrogel is one of the very important bio-adsorbents. All these bio-adsorbents are highly used to eradicate toxic dyes, digest harmful industrial sewage, and eliminate pesticides, climatic hazardous waste, and contaminated materials from the environment.

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Fig. 1
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Reprinted from Ref. [99] with permission from Elsevier. License Number: 5302601263547

Fig. 6 

Reprinted from Ref. [127] with permission from Elsevier. License Number: 5302601468132

Fig. 7

Reprinted from Ref. [130] with permission from Elsevier. License Number: 5302610365877

Fig. 8

Reprinted from Ref. [135] with permission from Elsevier. License Number: 5302610521815

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Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

CS:

Chitosan

CPL:

Clinoptilolite

GA:

Glutaraldehyde

IDM:

Indomethacin

PVA:

Polyvinyl acetate

CMC:

Carboxy methyl cellulose

NFC:

Nanofibrillated quaternized cellulose

AAm:

Acrylamide

HECS:

Hydroxyethyl chitosan

PMMA:

Poly methyl meth acrylate

GO:

Graphene oxide

PAA:

Poly acrylic acid

II-CCs:

Ion-imprinted cryo-composites

HECS:

Hydroxyethyl chitosan

CRB:

Carbopol

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

HPMC:

Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose

F-T:

Freezing–thawing

HAP:

Hydroxyapatite

GEL:

Gelatin

MMTNS:

Montmorillonite nanosheets

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

EDS:

Energy dispersive spectroscopy

EBT:

Eriochrome black tea

HNT:

Halloysite nanotubes

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

Rh B:

Rhodamine B

OX:

Oxalic acid

TPP:

Tri poly phosphate

EPI:

Epichlorohydrin

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support from Synthesis of nano-magnetic materials and their application in environmental protection, Project Number 202111049352, Key Laboratory for Special Resource Development and Medicinal Research in Jiangsu Province, Project Number LPRK202101, and 202111049338. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) Mexico is thankfully acknowledged for partially supporting this work under Sistema Nacional de Investigators (SNI) program awarded to Hafiz M. N. Iqbal (CVU: 735340).

Funding

The authors are thankful for the support from Key Laboratory for Special Resource Development and Medicinal Research in Jiangsu Province, Project Number LPRK202101, 202111049338 and 202111049352.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Nisar Ali, Olayiwola Rashidat Funmilayo, Yong Yang, Cao Zhou & Ye Wenjie

  2. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan

    Adnan Khan

  3. Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan

    Farman Ali

  4. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Muhammad Bilal

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain

    Mohammed Salim Akhter

  6. Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico

    Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

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  1. Nisar Ali
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  10. Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
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Contributions

NA, MB, and HMNI conceptualized and set the review theme. NA, ORF, AK, FA, and YY performed initial literature evaluation and screened the data as per theme of the review. NA, AK, FA, CZ, and YW compiled the literature draft and Figures. NA, MSA, MB, and HMNI reviewed and edited the final manuscript and communicated the submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nisar Ali, Muhammad Bilal or Hafiz M. N. Iqbal.

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Ali, N., Funmilayo, O.R., Khan, A. et al. Nanoarchitectonics: Porous Hydrogel as Bio-sorbent for Effective Remediation of Hazardous Contaminants. J Inorg Organomet Polym 32, 3301–3320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02388-9

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