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Baseline characteristics of American Indian smokeless tobacco users participating in two pilot cessation studies

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Abstract

American Indians have higher rates of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use than other racial/ethnic groups in the US, yet no efficacious cessation program exists for them. Because tobacco is a sacred plant to many American Indians, it is imperative that a program respect the scared nature of tobacco while encouraging quitting recreational use. All Nations Snuff Out Smokeless (ANSOS) was designed to help American Indian SLT users quit recreational tobacco use while still using it for traditional purposes. We pilot tested the ANSOS 6-month group-based counseling program (N = 48) and a shortened version consisting of a one-time education session (N = 80). Here, we discuss the tobacco characteristics of participants at baseline in both studies. Participants across studies were more likely to be male (74.2%) and have at least a college education (65%). Participants in the one-time education sessions were younger (age 35 vs age 39) and used SLT fewer days per week (4.9 vs 5.7). Two-thirds of those in the full program reported that they often substitute SLT in locations where smoking is not allowed compared to 26%. Participants in the education sessions were more likely to report daily use of traditional tobacco (20% versus 0%). Results suggest that dual use of SLT and cigarettes needs to be addressed, as does the use of SLT to circumvent public smoking rules. The role of traditional tobacco and its relationship to lower SLT use also warrants further investigation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funding from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD007800; PI: CM Daley). The authors would like to thank the members of the Center for American Indian Community Health for their work on this project. We would also like to thank the communities and tribal colleges who participated in this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD007800; PI: CM Daley).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. American Indian Health Research & Education Alliance, Inc, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Charley S. Lewis, Sean M. Daley, Joseph Pacheco, Ryan T. Goeckner, Jason W. Hale, Jordyn A. Gunville, Won S. Choi & Christine Makosky Daley

  2. Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Charley S. Lewis, Niaman Nazir, Joseph Pacheco, Ryan T. Goeckner, Jason W. Hale, Jordyn A. Gunville, Fatima Rahman, Won S. Choi & Christine Makosky Daley

  3. Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Charley S. Lewis, Jason W. Hale & Christine Makosky Daley

  4. Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Niaman Nazir, Joseph Pacheco, Jordyn A. Gunville, Fatima Rahman, Won S. Choi & Christine Makosky Daley

  5. Center for American Indian Studies, Johnson County Community College, Overland Park, KS, USA

    Sean M. Daley

  6. Department of Anthropology, Johnson County Community College, Overland Park, KS, USA

    Sean M. Daley

  7. Indigenous Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Christine Makosky Daley

Authors
  1. Charley S. Lewis
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  2. Niaman Nazir
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  3. Sean M. Daley
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  4. Joseph Pacheco
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  5. Ryan T. Goeckner
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  6. Jason W. Hale
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  7. Jordyn A. Gunville
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  8. Fatima Rahman
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  9. Won S. Choi
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  10. Christine Makosky Daley
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charley S. Lewis.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the KUMC Human Subjects Committee, and appropriate tribal college and tribal review boards.

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Lewis, C.S., Nazir, N., Daley, S.M. et al. Baseline characteristics of American Indian smokeless tobacco users participating in two pilot cessation studies. J Community Health 45, 812–819 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00797-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00797-w

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