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Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based Characterization of Flaxseed Oil

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Abstract

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed for the compositional analysis of flaxseed oil, detection of its adulteration and investigation of the thermal effects on its molecular composition. Excitation wavelengths from 320 to 420 nm have been used to explore the valued ingredients in flaxseed oil. The emission bands of flaxseed oil centred at 390, 414, 441, 475, 515 and 673/720 nm represent vitamin K, isomers of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls, which can be used as a marker for quality analysis. Due to its high quality, it is highly prone to adulteration and in this study, detection of its adulteration with canola oil is demonstrated by applying principal component analysis. Moreover, the effects of temperature on the molecular composition of cold pressed flaxseed oil has been explored by heating them at cooking temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 °C, each for 30 min. On heating, the deterioration of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls occurred with an increase in the oxidation products. However, it was found that up to 140 °C, flaxseed oil retains much of its natural composition whereas up to 180 oC, it loses much of its valuable ingredients along with increase of oxidized products.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to commercially used samples but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The Authors would like to acknowledge Ms Fatima, scientific assistant at Agri. & Biophotonics Division NILOP, for support in recording the emission spectra and preparation of samples.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Saleem

  2. Department of Physics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, 10250, Mirpur, Pakistan

    Naveed Ahmad

Authors
  1. Muhammad Saleem
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  2. Naveed Ahmad
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Contributions

Muhammad Saleem conceived the concept, measured emission spectra, analysis, wrote the first manuscript; Dr. Naveed Ahmad prepared samples and reviewed the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Saleem or Naveed Ahmad.

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Saleem, M., Ahmad, N. Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based Characterization of Flaxseed Oil. J Fluoresc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-024-03684-y

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