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Do Aphid Carcasses on the Backs of Larvae of Green Lacewing Work as Chemical Mimicry against Aphid-Tending Ants?

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Abstract

Ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant–aphid mutualisms. However, larvae of the green lacewing, Mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. Lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. Here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. Aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. Lacewing larvae with washed aphid carcasses were attacked by aphid-tending ants more frequently than those with untreated aphid carcasses. We measured the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants to lacewing larvae that were either carrying a piece of cotton wool (a dummy aphid carcass) treated with CHCs from aphids or lacewing larvae, or carrying aphid carcasses. The rates of attack by ants on lacewing larvae carrying CHCs of aphids or aphid carcasses were lower than that of attack on lacewing larvae with conspecific CHCs. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed similarity of CHCs between aphids and aphid carcasses. These results suggest that aphid carcasses on the backs of lacewing larvae function via chemical camouflage to limit attacks by aphid-tending ants.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to J. Millar of the University of California, Riverside for reviewing the manuscript. We also thank H. Shimoji of Hokkaido University and S. Endo of Shinshu University for technical advice. This work was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists to M. H. (24–4473).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Masayuki Hayashi, Yasuyuki Choh & Masashi Nomura

  2. Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Kiyoshi Nakamuta

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  1. Masayuki Hayashi
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  2. Yasuyuki Choh
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  3. Kiyoshi Nakamuta
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  4. Masashi Nomura
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Correspondence to Masashi Nomura.

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Hayashi, M., Choh, Y., Nakamuta, K. et al. Do Aphid Carcasses on the Backs of Larvae of Green Lacewing Work as Chemical Mimicry against Aphid-Tending Ants?. J Chem Ecol 40, 569–576 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0451-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0451-z

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