Abstract
The majority of plant defenses against insect herbivores are coordinated by jasmonate (jasmonic acid, JA; (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, JA-Ile)-dependent signaling cascades. Insect feeding and mimicking herbivory by application of oral secretions (OS) from the insect induced both cytosolic Ca2+ and jasmonate-phytohormone elevation in plants. Here it is shown that in Arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with OS from lepidopteran Spodoptera littoralis larvae, the antibiotic neomycin selectively blocked the accumulation of OS-induced Ca2+ elevation and level of the bioactive JA-Ile, in contrast to JA level. Furthermore, neomycin treatment affected the downstream expression of JA-Ile-responsive genes, VSP2 and LOX2, in Arabidopsis. The neomycin-dependent reduced JA-Ile level is partially due to increased CYP94B3 expression and subsequent JA-Ile turn-over to12-hydroxy-JA-Ile. It is neither due to the inhibition of the enzymatic conjugation process nor to substrate availability. Thus, blocking Ca2+ elevation specifically controls JA-Ile accumulation and signaling, offering an insight into role of calcium in defense against insect herbivory.
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Acknowledgments
We thank A. Lehr and A. David (MPI-CE) for excellent technical assistance, M. Riemann and K. Svyatyna (University of Karlsruhe, Germany) for helping with the JAR1 conjugation assay, P. E. Staswick (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA) for JAR1-GST construct, the Plant Protection Centre of Bayer AG (Monheim, Germany) for providing Spodoptera littoralis egg clutches, A. Berg for culturing caterpillars, T. Krügel, A. Weber, and the MPI-CE greenhouse team for providing plants.
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Vadassery, J., Reichelt, M., Jimenez-Aleman, G.H. et al. Neomycin Inhibition of (+)-7-Iso-Jasmonoyl-L-Isoleucine Accumulation and Signaling. J Chem Ecol 40, 676–686 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0448-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0448-7