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Effectiveness of Three Physical Treatments on Pain Perception and Emotional State in Males with Chronic Joint Pain

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of massage therapy (MT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as three physical therapies on pain perception and negative emotional state (NES) in males with chronic joint pain (CJP). This double-blind randomized experimental study was done with three pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages within three experimental groups and the control group. Participants recruited by a random sampling method in each group that they were 160 patients with CJP. A demographic questionnaire, the Short-Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-SF-21) were used in this study. Findings showed significant differences in the effectiveness of MT, HIIT, and NMES on pain symptoms and NES in experimental and control groups during post-test and follow-up stages. The MT, HIIT, and NMES were effective in decreasing the sensory experience of pain, the affective experience of pain, the present pain intensity (PPI), and depression, anxiety, and stress among outpatients with CJP in the experimental groups during post-test and follow-up stages. NMES, HIIT, and MT may be considered by health professionals as effective interventions to reduce pain perception and NES in patients with CJP.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully to thank Maria Mercedes Ovejero Bruna PhD, psychology department, The Complutense University of Madrid, for the copy edition of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Eghlid Social Emergency Center, Eghlid, Iran

    Mojtaba Rahimian Bougar, Ali Izadpanah & Marzieh Sadeghi

  2. Psychology Department, School of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

    Hassan Ali Veiskarami

  3. Eghlid Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eghlid, Iran

    Siamak Khodarahimi

  4. Seyed Al-Shohada Physiotherapy Clinic, Eghlid, Iran

    Ali Izadpanah

  5. Department of Psychology, Neyriz Social Emergency Center, Neyriz, Iran

    Najmeh Nazari

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  1. Mojtaba Rahimian Bougar
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Rahimian Bougar, M., Veiskarami, H., Khodarahimi, S. et al. Effectiveness of Three Physical Treatments on Pain Perception and Emotional State in Males with Chronic Joint Pain. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 29, 785–797 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-021-09835-8

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