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Physicochemical–Electrochemical Characterization of the Nanocomposite Chitosan-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles

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Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted great interest due to their low human toxicity and applications in different fields. Electrochemical methods have been proposed to obtain this type of nanoparticles, allowing better control of the size and size distribution than conventional strategies. Additionally, it has been reported that when they are functionalized with chitosan, they become more stable and more effective for some applications. MNPs were electrochemically synthesized by the asymmetrical potential pulses method, then functionalized with chitosan, and subsequently characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The MNPs synthesized by applying potential pulses showed sizes of 21.2 ± 3.6 nm by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 28.5 ± 8.3 nm by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); as well as size of 18.5 ± 6.3 nm by XRD and 32.4 ± 9.5 nm by TEM in chitosan-coated MNPs (MNPs-Chitosan). Additionally, Dynamic Light Scattering demonstrated a hydrodynamic size of 346.8 ± 35.1 nm in MNPs and 224.2 ± 21.6 nm in MNPs-Chitosan. Furthermore, their morphology and colloidal stability were evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Zeta potential. At the same time, the functionalization of magnetite with chitosan in MNPs-Chitosan was demonstrated through characteristic bands and weight losses by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry. Finally, the redox reactions and reactivity of MNPs and MNP-Chitosan were studied by Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Likewise, it was shown that the protection of chitosan offers stability to the MNPs; however, there is a facility of MNPs-Chitosan to transfer electrons, which is helpful for their application in different areas such as biomedical, environmental, and food.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to CONACYT-México and to Tecnológico Nacional de México for their financial support to carry out this research through projects CONACYT INFR-2016-01-268641, CONACYT FOP02-2021-04-316948 and 6212.19-P, respectively. They also thank Dra. Claramaría Rodríguez González for her support in carrying out the TEM analysis. In the same way, we would also like to thank the authors' home institutions for all the facilities they provided for this research. A.Y. Flores-Ramírez acknowledges CONACYT for the scholarship awarded for the completion of her master's studies.

Funding

This work was financially supported by CONACYT-México and to Tecnológico Nacional de México through projects CONACYT INFR-2016-01-268641, CONACYT FOP02-2021-04-316948 and 6212.19-P, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Av. Tecnológico # 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico

    A. Y. Flores-Ramírez, S. Aguilera-Aguirre, M. A. Chacón-López & U. M. López-García

  2. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro–Sanfandila, C.P. 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico

    L. A. Ortiz-Frade & R. Antaño-López

  3. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Aeropuerto, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

    A. Álvarez-López

  4. Universidad Politécnica de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Carretera Federal 57, Querétaro-San Luis Potosí km 31-150, Parque Industrial Querétaro, C.P. 76220, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

    A. Rodríguez-López

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  1. A. Y. Flores-Ramírez
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  2. S. Aguilera-Aguirre
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  6. A. Álvarez-López
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  8. U. M. López-García
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. AYF-R carried out most of the experiments leading to the synthesis of MNPs and MNPs-Chitosan, contributed in the analyzed the data, prepared the figures, and wrote the manuscript. SA-A and MAC-L reviewed and corrected the manuscript. LAO-F performed the analysis of the samples by FT-IR and reviewed the manuscript. RA-L contributed to the realization of the TEM, Zeta potential and DLS analyzes, reviewed the EIS experiments and reviewed the manuscript. AÁ-L contributed to the discussion of the results obtained by FT-IR. AR-L and UML-G led the investigation, reviewed and discussed the results obtained in work; besides, supervised the study, reviewed, modified the text, and corrected the manuscript. The authors have no conflict of interest.

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Correspondence to A. Rodríguez-López or U. M. López-García.

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Flores-Ramírez, A.Y., Aguilera-Aguirre, S., Chacón-López, M.A. et al. Physicochemical–Electrochemical Characterization of the Nanocomposite Chitosan-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles. J Clust Sci 34, 1019–1035 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-022-02278-7

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