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Drinking and exercise behaviors among college students: between and within-person associations

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Abstract

Prior work has suggested a paradoxical positive relationship between the risk behavior alcohol use and the health behavior exercise, particularly in young adults. Though seldom tested, different theoretical perspectives exist on the mechanisms that may explain the positive relationship. The aims of this study were to test theorized mechanisms of association, including common causes shared by both behaviors (e.g., personality, motives, affective), compensatory processes such as exercising to compensate for calories from alcohol consumption, and methodological confounds (e.g., between vs. within subject effects) in a college sample (N = 132; 56.3% male; 76% Caucasian; M age = 19.15, SD = 0.99) using a cross-sectional design and time line follow back methods. A positive, between-subjects association between alcohol and exercise was found and explained by exercising to compensate for calories of alcohol consumption, enhancement motives, and physical activity enjoyment. However, we also observed a significant and negative within-subjects association between the two constructs, suggesting that, on a given day, individuals who exercise more tended to drink less. Furthermore, individuals who exercised more during the week tended to have declines in weekend drinking over time. Results suggest a complex relationship between exercise and alcohol use among young adults, and highlight the importance of distinguishing between and within subject processes, as well as the temporal ordering of the two behaviors. Implications are discussed in regard to theory, prevention, and intervention.

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Notes

  1. Models were run excluding missing data and all standardized effects were within 0.02 from those reported in the analyses below and inferences were identical. As such, results reported below were not sensitive to missing data.

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  1. Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA

    Ana M. Abrantes

  2. Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Ana M. Abrantes & Matthew D. Scalco

  3. University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Matthew D. Scalco, Sara O’Donnell & Jennifer P. Read

  4. Fordham University, New York, NY, USA

    Haruka Minami

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Ana M. Abrantes, Matthew D. Scalco, Sara O’Donnell, Haruka Minami, and Jennifer P. Read declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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Abrantes, A.M., Scalco, M.D., O’Donnell, S. et al. Drinking and exercise behaviors among college students: between and within-person associations. J Behav Med 40, 964–977 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9863-x

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