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Multiwell three-dimensional systems enable in vivo screening of immune reactions to biomaterials: a new strategy toward translational biomaterial research

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Abstract

In vivo experiments are accompanied by ethical issues, including sacrificing a large number of animals as well as large costs. A new in vivo 3D screening system was developed to reduce the number of required animals without compromising the results. The present pilot study examined a multiwell array system in combination with three different collagen-based biomaterials (A, B and C) using subcutaneous implantation for 10 days and histological and histomorphometrical evaluations. The tissue reaction towards the device itself was dominated by mononuclear cells. However, three independent biomaterial-specific tissue reactions were observed in three chambers. The results showed a mononuclear cell-based tissue reaction in one chamber (A) and foreign body reaction by multinucleated giant cells in the other two chambers (B and C). Statistical analysis showed a significantly higher number of multinucleated giant cells in cases B and C than in case A (A vs. B; ***P < 0.001), (A vs. C; P < 0.01). These outcomes were comparable to previously published observations with conventional biomaterial implantation. The present data lead to the conclusion that this 3D screening system could be an alternative tool to enhance the effectiveness of in vivo experiments, thus offering a more economic strategy to screen biomaterial-related cellular reactions, while saving animals, without influencing the final outcome.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ms Verena Hoffman for her excellent technical assistant and Dr. Mike Barbek for his assistance in the graphical illustration.

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Author notes

  1. These authors are contributed equally: Sarah Al-Maawi, Carlos Mota

  2. These authors are contributed equally: Lorenzo Moroni, Shahram Ghanaati

Authors and Affiliations

  1. FORM-lab, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

    Sarah Al-Maawi, Alica Kubesch, C. James Kirkpatrick & Shahram Ghanaati

  2. Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Carlos Mota & Lorenzo Moroni

Authors
  1. Sarah Al-Maawi
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  2. Carlos Mota
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  6. Shahram Ghanaati
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Correspondence to Shahram Ghanaati.

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Al-Maawi, S., Mota, C., Kubesch, A. et al. Multiwell three-dimensional systems enable in vivo screening of immune reactions to biomaterials: a new strategy toward translational biomaterial research. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 30, 61 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6263-5

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